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불수능영어대비 2025년수능영어변형문제(30번) [모의고사변형문제월드 미키박영어]

 

2025년수능영어변형문제(30번)

다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

 

Situational ethics is an ethical theory that takes into account the context of a situation or an act when judging ①whether it is ethical. Supporters of this theory willingly permit casting aside absolute moral standards. In the absence of a universal standard or law, what matters ②is the outcome or consequences; so, the end justifies the means. Possibly the following contrasting realities can help illustrate the application of situational ethics. In a pickup game of basketball played among friends, everyone is expected to call his or her own fouls or ③acknowledge knocking the ball out-of-bounds. Caring about one’s friends and maybe getting to keep playing with the group ④leading to these actions. But, once an organized game is played with officials, most athletes will not admit to the same fouls or violations as the end goal of winning is more important than expressing concern for competitors. Situational ethics has been extended by many athletes and coaches to mean trying to get away with as many actions on the field or court ⑤as possible to gain competitive advantages. 

 

 

 

 

 

정답 

 

④leading -> ④leads

 

주어가 명사구이므로 단수동사 leads 가 옳습니다.

 

leading 은 동사가 아닌 준동사로 옳지 않습니다.

 

준동사

 

 

 

 

다음 글의 주제로 가장 알맞은 것은?

 

Situational ethics is an ethical theory that takes into account the context of a situation or an act when judging whether it is ethical. Supporters of this theory willingly permit casting aside absolute moral standards. In the absence of a universal standard or law, what matters is the outcome or consequences; so, the end justifies the means. Possibly the following contrasting realities can help illustrate the application of situational ethics. In a pickup game of basketball played among friends, everyone is expected to call his or her own fouls or acknowledge knocking the ball out-of-bounds. Caring about one’s friends and maybe getting to keep playing with the group leads to these actions. But, once an organized game is played with officials, most athletes will not admit to the same fouls or violations as the end goal of winning is more important than expressing concern for competitors. Situational ethics has been extended by many athletes and coaches to mean trying to get away with as many actions on the field or court as possible to gain competitive advantages. 

① Absolute moral standards are always necessary in competitive sports.
② Athletes behave more ethically in organized games than in casual games.
③ Winning is the most important goal in all ethical theories.
④ Situational ethics judges actions based on context and consequences rather than fixed moral rules.  
⑤ Sports provide the best example of universal moral principles.

 

 

 

 

✅ 정답: ④

해설

이 글의 중심 내용은 **“상황 윤리는 절대적인 도덕 기준이 아니라 상황과 결과에 따라 옳고 그름을 판단하는 윤리 이론”**이라는 점입니다.

상황 윤리(situational ethics)는
→ **절대적 도덕 기준(absolute moral standards)**을 버릴 수 있음.
→ **결과(outcome, consequences)**가 중요함.
→ 즉, **“목적이 수단을 정당화한다(the end justifies the means)”**는 입장.

예시:

친구들과의 농구 경기 → 스스로 파울을 인정함.

공식 경기 → 승리가 더 중요하므로 같은 행동을 인정하지 않음.

이는 상황에 따라 도덕 판단이 달라진다는 것을 보여줍니다.

🔍 선택지 해석

① 절대적 도덕 기준은 스포츠에서 항상 필요하다. ❌
→ 본문은 오히려 절대 기준을 배제하는 이론을 설명함.

② 선수들은 공식 경기에서 더 윤리적으로 행동한다. ❌
→ 오히려 승리를 위해 규칙을 덜 인정하는 경향을 설명함.

③ 모든 윤리 이론에서 승리가 가장 중요하다. ❌
→ 상황 윤리에 대한 설명이지 모든 윤리 이론을 말하는 것이 아님.

④ 상황 윤리는 고정된 도덕 규칙이 아니라 맥락과 결과에 따라 행동을 판단한다. ✅
→ 본문의 정의와 사례를 정확히 요약함.

⑤ 스포츠는 보편적 도덕 원칙의 최고의 예시이다. ❌
→ 스포츠는 상황 윤리의 적용 사례일 뿐임.

 

📘 핵심 요약

상황 윤리는 보편적이고 절대적인 도덕 기준보다,
상황과 결과를 중심으로 옳고 그름을 판단하는 윤리 이론이다.
맥락이 달라지면 윤리적 판단도 달라질 수 있다.

 

 

 

 

 

 

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

 

Situational ethics is an ethical theory that takes into account the context of a situation or an act when judging whether it is ethical. 
(A) Possibly the following contrasting realities can help illustrate the application of situational ethics. In a pickup game of basketball played among friends, everyone is expected to call his or her own fouls or acknowledge knocking the ball out-of-bounds. Caring about one’s friends and maybe getting to keep playing with the group leads to these actions.
(B) But, once an organized game is played with officials, most athletes will not admit to the same fouls or violations as the end goal of winning is more important than expressing concern for competitors. Situational ethics has been extended by many athletes and coaches to mean trying to get away with as many actions on the field or court as possible to gain competitive advantages.
(C) Supporters of this theory willingly permit casting aside absolute moral standards. In the absence of a universal standard or law, what matters is the outcome or consequences; so, the end justifies the means.
① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

 

 

 

 

✅ 정답: ④번 (C)-(A)-(B)

📖 해설:
제시문은 상황윤리(situational ethics)의 정의를 제시한다.
먼저 **(C)**에서 이 이론의 핵심 원리—절대적 도덕 기준을 배제하고 결과를 중시한다는 점—를 설명하여 개념을 구체화한다.
다음 **(A)**는 친구들과의 농구 경기 사례를 통해 상황에 따라 윤리적 판단이 달라질 수 있음을 보여준다.
마지막으로 **(B)**는 공식 경기 상황에서 승리가 우선시되며 동일한 행위가 다르게 평가되는 예를 제시하여, 상황윤리가 실제 스포츠 현장에서 어떻게 확장·적용되는지를 설명한다.
따라서 전개는 이론 설명 → 사례 제시 → 대비 사례 및 확장의 흐름으로 **(C)-(A)-(B)**가 가장 적절하다.

 

 

 

 

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. (원문 전체 변형 문제입니다)

 

Some ethical theories argue that moral judgment cannot be separated from circumstances. Rather than relying on fixed and universal rules, this perspective evaluates actions according to their context and expected outcomes. Under this view, behavior that might be condemned in one setting could be acceptable—or even praised—in another. What ultimately determines whether an action is right is not adherence to absolute standards but _______. This way of thinking can be seen in sports. In a casual game among friends, players may honestly admit their own fouls in order to preserve harmony and mutual respect. However, in a highly competitive match with referees and rankings at stake, the same players may remain silent about minor violations if doing so increases their chance of winning. In such cases, ethical decisions shift according to goals and consequences rather than universal principles. 
① the consequences that result from it
② the consistency of traditional moral rules
③ the approval of neutral authorities
④ the emotional reactions of spectators
⑤ the historical origin of the action

 

 

 

 

 

정답

① the consequences that result from it

정답에 대한 이유

지문은 **상황윤리(situational ethics)**의 핵심을 설명하고 있다.

“Rather than relying on fixed and universal rules”

“evaluates actions according to their context and expected outcomes”

“ethical decisions shift according to goals and consequences”

이 문장들은 모두 **보편적 도덕 기준이 아니라 결과(consequences)**가 판단의 기준이 된다는 점을 강조한다.

따라서 빈칸에는
“절대적 기준이 아니라 결과가 중요하다”는 의미가 들어가야 하며,
이에 해당하는 선택지는

→ ① the consequences that result from it 이다.

어휘 정리

circumstance: 상황, 환경

adhere to: ~을 따르다

condemn: 비난하다

preserve: 유지하다

violation: 위반

universal principle: 보편적 원칙

consequence: 결과

competitive: 경쟁적인

 

 

 

 

 

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

 

Situational ethics is an ethical theory that takes into account the context of a situation or an act when judging whether it is ethical. Supporters of this theory willingly permit casting aside absolute moral standards. In the absence of a universal standard or law, what matters is the outcome or consequences; so, the end justifies the means. Possibly the following contrasting realities can help illustrate the application of situational ethics. In a pickup game of basketball played among friends, everyone is expected to call his or her own fouls or acknowledge knocking the ball out-of-bounds. Caring about one’s friends and maybe getting to keep playing with the group leads to these actions. But, once an organized game is played with officials, most athletes will not admit to the same fouls or violations as the end goal of winning is more important than expressing concern for competitors. Situational ethics has been extended by many athletes and coaches to mean trying to get away with as many actions on the field or court as possible to gain competitive advantages. 

↓

Situational ethics evaluates actions based on (A)_____________ rather than fixed moral rules, often leading individuals to prioritize (B)___________ over strict adherence to universal standards.
     (A)                (B)
① intention / fairness
② tradition / honesty
③ authority / loyalty
④ consequences / success  
⑤ emotion / equality

 

 

 

 

✅ 정답: ④ consequences / success

🧠 해설
(A) consequences

본문 근거:
“In the absence of a universal standard … what matters is the outcome or consequences; so, the end justifies the means.”
→ 상황윤리는 절대 규범이 아니라 결과(consequences) 를 기준으로 판단함.

(B) success

본문 근거:
“the end goal of winning is more important”
→ 조직 경기에서는 승리라는 성공(success) 이 우선됨.

❌ 오답 분석 (어휘 의미 포함)

① intention / fairness

intention: 의도

fairness: 공정성
→ 지문은 의도가 아니라 결과 중심임.

② tradition / honesty

tradition: 전통

honesty: 정직
→ 정직은 오히려 상황윤리 적용 시 약화됨.

③ authority / loyalty

authority: 권위

loyalty: 충성
→ 권위·충성 개념은 핵심이 아님.

⑤ emotion / equality

emotion: 감정

equality: 평등
→ 감정·평등은 지문 논지와 무관.

📌 구조 정리

이 지문의 핵심 흐름:

절대적 도덕 기준 부정
→ 결과 중심 판단
→ 승리·이익 우선
→ 규칙을 전략적으로 해석

즉, 결과주의적 사고가 경쟁 상황에서 윤리 기준을 유동적으로 만든다는 점을 묻는 문제입니다.

 

 

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