2025년3월고3모의고사변형문제(21번) [모의고사변형문제월드 미키박영어]

2025년3월고3모의고사변형문제(21번)와 정답자료가 필요하시다고요?

 

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오늘은 2025년3월고3모의고사변형문제(21번)와 정답자료를 제공해 드립니다.

 

모의고사변형문제월드 미키박영어

 

 

 

좋은 내신 성적은 진심에서 나오는 거 아시죠?

 

21번 지문에 대한 완벽한 이해는 기본이죠?

 

 

미키박영어 2025년3월고3모의고사21번해설

 

 

 

 

21번 내용 확실히 익히셨으리라 믿고,

 

변형문제 도전 시작합니다!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Here we go!

 

 

 

 

 

2025년3월고3모의고사변형문제(21번) 

1. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

 

The unity of science and philosophy in the old classical sense was perhaps best described by the famous tree of Descartes: The roots of this tree corresponded to metaphysics (the intelligible principles), the trunk to physics (statements of intermediate generality), and the branches and fruit to ①which we would call applied science. He regarded the whole system of science and philosophy ②as we today regard science alone; he felt that the metaphysical principles were ultimately justified by their “fruits,” not merely by their self‑evidence. What we today call applied science ③consisted for him not only in mechanics but also in medicine and ethics. The difficulty was ④that from the general principles of Cartesian or Aristotelian science‑philosophy no results could be derived which were precisely in agreement with observation, but these principles ⑤seemed to be intelligible and plausible. So the tree was cut in the middle. For the derivation of technical results, it was necessary to start from the physical principles in the trunk. Science in the new sense was to think only of how the fruits would develop from the trunk without regard to the roots. 

 

 

 

정답은?

 

 

 

 

 

①which -> what

to which (전치사 + 관계대명사) + 완전문입니다.

what + 불완전문입니다.

본문에서는 

we would call applied science 이죠?

call 의 목적어가 없습니다.

applied science는 목적격보어죠?

따라서, 불완전문이므로 what 이 옳습니다.

 

목동영어 미키박쌤의 전치사 + 관계대명사 설명+문제+정답

 

 

 

 

2025년3월고3모의고사변형문제(21번) 

2 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 어색한 것은? (원문 일부 변형 문제입니다.)

 

The unity of science and philosophy in the old classical sense was perhaps best described by the famous tree of Descartes: The roots of this tree corresponded to metaphysics (the intelligible principles), the trunk to physics (statements of intermediate generality), and the branches and fruit to what we would call applied science. He regarded the whole system of science and philosophy as we today regard science alone; he felt that the metaphysical principles were ultimately ① validated by their “fruits,” not merely by their self‑evidence. What we today call applied science ② included for him not only in mechanics but also in medicine and ethics. The difficulty was that from the general principles of Cartesian or Aristotelian science‑philosophy no results could be derived which were precisely in ③ harmony with observation, but these principles seemed to be intelligible and plausible. So the tree was cut in the middle. For the derivation of technical results, it was necessary to ④ begin from the physical principles in the trunk. Science in the new sense was to think only of how the fruits would ⑤ evolve from the trunk without regard to the roots.  

정답은?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

정답
✅ ⑤ evolve → develop

해설 
5번 evolve(진화하다)는 문맥상 어색한 표현입니다.
원문에서는 "develop"(발전하다)라는 단어가 사용되었습니다.

→ **"Evolve"**는 주로 천천히, 자연스러운 변화를 나타낼 때 사용되는 동사로, 문맥상 기술적 결과의 발전을 설명하는 데는 적합하지 않습니다.
→ **"Develop"**는 어떤 과정을 거쳐 발전하다는 의미로 기술적 결과의 발전과 관련된 문맥에 더 잘 맞습니다.

다른 보기의 원문 단어
✔ ① validated (원문: justified)
→ Justified는 ‘정당화된’, validated는 ‘입증된’으로 비슷한 의미를 가집니다. 두 단어 모두 문맥상 자연스러우며, 동의어로 변형 가능합니다.

✔ ② included (원문: consisted)
→ Consisted는 ‘구성되다’, included는 ‘포함되다’로 의미상 유사하지만, 문맥상 자연스럽게 변형되었습니다.

✔ ③ harmony (원문: agreement)
→ Agreement는 ‘동의, 일치’, harmony는 ‘조화’로 두 단어는 의미상 비슷하며 문맥에서 잘 대체될 수 있습니다.

✔ ④ begin (원문: start)
→ Start는 ‘시작하다’, begin은 ‘시작하다’로 의미가 거의 동일하여 적절하게 대체 가능합니다.

 

 

 

 

2025년3월고3모의고사변형문제(21번) 

3. 다음 문장에 이어질 글의 순서를 정하시오.

 

The unity of science and philosophy in the old classical sense was perhaps best described by the famous tree of Descartes: The roots of this tree corresponded to metaphysics (the intelligible principles), the trunk to physics (statements of intermediate generality), and the branches and fruit to what we would call applied science.   

(A) The difficulty was that from the general principles of Cartesian or Aristotelian science‑philosophy no results could be derived which were precisely in agreement with observation, but these principles seemed to be intelligible and plausible. 
(B) He regarded the whole system of science and philosophy as we today regard science alone; he felt that the metaphysical principles were ultimately justified by their “fruits,” not merely by their self‑evidence. What we today call applied science consisted for him not only in mechanics but also in medicine and ethics. 
(C) So the tree was cut in the middle. For the derivation of technical results, it was necessary to start from the physical principles in the trunk. Science in the new sense was to think only of how the fruits would develop from the trunk without regard to the roots. 
① (A) - (C) - (B)
② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

 

 

정답은?

 

 

 

 

 

 

✅ 정답:
④ (C) - (A) - (B)

✅ 정답에 대한 이유:
**(C)**는 “기술적인 결과 도출”에 관한 이야기로, 기술적 결과를 도출하기 위해서는 물리적 원칙을 중심으로 시작해야 한다는 논의를 다룹니다.

**(A)**는 카르테시안 또는 아리스토텔레스 철학에서의 일반 원칙들이 관찰과 정확히 일치하지 않는다는 점을 설명합니다.

**(B)**는 이전에 설명한 철학적/과학적 시스템의 개념에 대한 피상적인 설명을 제공합니다.

따라서, 전개 순서는 **(C) → (A) → (B)**가 가장 자연스럽고 논리적입니다.

 

 

 

 

2025년3월고3모의고사변형문제(21번) 

 

4. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? (원문 일부 변형 문제입니다.)

 

The concept of ecosystem states should be familiar to anyone with a home vegetable garden. The garden is a small ecosystem that the grower attempts to keep in a specific state, namely the maximization of fruit and vegetable production. To achieve this, the grower is almost always intervening in the dynamics of the ecosystem; they remove unwanted plants that begin to grow and perhaps spray insecticides and fence off the patch to stop insects and other animals from consuming the vegetables. Since maximizing vegetable growth is an inherently unstable state for the ecosystem, the grower is effectively keeping the ball on a slope. If the grower stops intervening, even for a day, the ecosystem, that small patch of ground, will naturally begin to shift to a more stable state. Vegetables may still grow, but yield will almost certainly be lower as other plants crowd out the vegetables and wildlife consume the produce. __________, the grower’s intervention is necessary to maintain the garden’s productivity. 
① The garden can thrive without any intervention from the grower
② The grower should allow the ecosystem to naturally evolve over time
③ The garden will become more stable if left alone without any changes
④ The grower’s intervention is necessary to maintain the garden’s productivity
⑤ The vegetables will continue to grow without the need for any external assistance

정답은?

 

 

 

 

 

 

정답
④ The grower’s intervention is necessary to maintain the garden’s productivity

풀이
④ 정원에서 생산성을 유지하기 위해서는 재배자의 개입이 필요하다 → 지문에서 정원의 생산성을 극대화하기 위해서는 재배자의 개입이 필수적이라고 설명하고 있으므로 정답입니다.
① 정원은 재배자의 개입 없이도 번창할 수 있다 → 지문에서 재배자의 개입이 없다면 생산성은 낮아질 것이다고 언급하므로 틀립니다.
② 재배자는 생태계가 자연스럽게 발전하도록 해야 한다 → 지문에서는 개입하지 않으면 생태계는 안정적인 상태로 변할 것이지만, 생산성은 낮아질 것이라고 설명하므로 틀립니다.
③ 정원은 아무 변화 없이 두면 더 안정적으로 변할 것이다 → 지문에서는 정원의 안정된 상태가 생산성을 높이지 않는다고 설명하고 있으므로 틀립니다.
⑤ 채소는 외부의 도움이 없이도 계속 자랄 것이다 → 지문에서 재배자의 개입이 없으면 채소의 생산성이 낮아질 것이라고 언급되므로 틀립니다.

해석
생태계 상태라는 개념은 집에서 채소밭을 가꾸는 사람이라면 누구나 익숙한 개념이어야 합니다. 채소밭은 재배자가 특정한 상태를 유지하려고 시도하는 작은 생태계입니다. 즉, 채소와 과일 생산을 극대화하는 상태를 목표로 합니다. 이를 달성하기 위해 재배자는 거의 항상 생태계의 동태에 개입합니다. 예를 들어, 원하지 않는 식물을 제거하고, 해충을 방지하기 위해 농약을 뿌리며, 채소를 먹으려는 동물들을 막기 위해 울타리를 치기도 합니다. 채소 성장의 극대화는 본질적으로 생태계에 불안정한 상태이기 때문에, 재배자는 마치 기울어진 곳에 공을 올려놓은 것처럼 끊임없이 개입해야 합니다. 만약 재배자가 하루라도 개입을 멈춘다면, 그 작은 땅은 자연스럽게 더 안정적인 상태로 바뀌기 시작합니다. 채소는 여전히 자랄 수 있지만, 다른 식물들이 채소를 가로막고, 야생 동물들이 생산물을 먹기 때문에 생산량은 거의 확실히 낮아집니다.
따라서, 정원에서 생산성을 유지하기 위해서는 재배자의 개입이 필요합니다.

어휘 정리
ecosystem states 생태계 상태
vegetable garden 채소밭
intervene 개입하다
dynamics 동태, 역학
insecticides 살충제
fence off 울타리를 치다
stability 안정성
yield 생산량
productivity 생산성
wildlife 야생 동물

 

 

 

 

2025년3월고3모의고사변형문제(21번) 

5. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

 

The unity of science and philosophy in the old classical sense was perhaps best described by the famous tree of Descartes: The roots of this tree corresponded to metaphysics (the intelligible principles), the trunk to physics (statements of intermediate generality), and the branches and fruit to what we would call applied science. He regarded the whole system of science and philosophy as we today regard science alone; he felt that the metaphysical principles were ultimately justified by their “fruits,” not merely by their self‑evidence. What we today call applied science consisted for him not only in mechanics but also in medicine and ethics. The difficulty was that from the general principles of Cartesian or Aristotelian science‑philosophy no results could be derived which were precisely in agreement with observation, but these principles seemed to be intelligible and plausible. So the tree was cut in the middle. For the derivation of technical results, it was necessary to start from the physical principles in the trunk. Science in the new sense was to think only of how the fruits would develop from the trunk without regard to the roots. 

↓

Descartes compared the unity of science and philosophy to a tree, with (A)_________ as roots and (B)_________ as fruits.
          (A)                          (B)
① ethics                      inventions
② observation          experiments
③ knowledge              theories
④ mechanics              discoveries
⑤ metaphysics           applications

 

정답은?

 

 

 

 

 

✅ 정답: ⑤ metaphysics ··· applications
✨ 해설:
(A) metaphysics (형이상학)
→ 지문에서 "The roots of this tree corresponded to metaphysics"라고 분명히 설명되어 있습니다. 형이상학적 원리가 뿌리에 해당합니다.

(B) applications (응용, 적용)
→ "the branches and fruit to what we would call applied science" 부분에 의해, 응용 과학 (applications) 이 과실에 해당한다고 볼 수 있습니다.

📌 오답 해설

① ethics / inventions: 윤리학은 Descartes의 applied science 중 하나일 뿐, 뿌리가 아님

② observation / experiments: 관찰은 뿌리에 해당하지 않고, 실험은 과실을 정확히 지칭하지 않음

③ knowledge / theories: 지식과 이론은 본문 표현과 다름

④ mechanics / discoveries: 역학은 applied science에 포함되지만, 뿌리나 과실 전체를 대변하지 않음

 

 

 

 

지금까지 모의고사변형문제월드 목동 미키박영어의

2025년3월고3모의고사변형문제(21번)와 정답자료였습니다.

 

2025년3월고3모의고사변형문제(22번)와 정답자료도 확인해보실까요?

 

 

 

이 외에도

구글, 다음, 네이버, 유튜브에서 모의고사변형문제월드 미키박영어라고 검색하시면

정말 많은 모의고사 변형문제 자료들을 무료로 활용하실 수 있습니다.

 

 

그리고, 영문법에 대한 유용한 자료는

재미짐영어 미키박쌤을 확인해보세요.

 

감사합니다.