2023 3월 고2모의고사 제목 및 어휘 총정리(18~45번)

안녕하세요 목동 영어 미키박 쌤입니다.

​

​

3등급이 전교 1등으로!

(목동 영일고, 송도 박문여고)

​

​

바로 목동 영어 미키박 쌤과 함께라 가능했습니다!

​

​

오늘은 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 18~45번 제목 및 어휘 총정리자료입니다.

​

​

2023년3월고2모의고사총정리

​

각 지문별 제목을 잘 파악하셔서,

 

'이 지문은 00에 관한 내용이야'라고 확실히 말할 수 있는 여러분이 되셨으면 하는 바람입니다.

​

​

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 18~45번 제목 총정리자료 완벽하게 익혀 보실까요?

 

 

 

18번
제목 : Art Inquiry: Interest in Purchasing 'Sunrise' by Robert D. Parker
(예술 문의: Robert D. Parker의 'Sunrise' 구매에 대한 관심)

 

It was a pleasure meeting you at your gallery last week. 


I appreciate your effort to select and exhibit diverse artwork.


As I mentioned, I greatly admire Robert D. Parker’s paintings, which emphasize the beauty of nature. 


Over the past few days, I have been researching and learning about Robert D. Parker’s online viewing room through your gallery’s website.


I’m especially interested in purchasing the painting that depicts the horizon, titled Sunrise. 


I would like to know if the piece is still available for purchase.


It would be a great pleasure to house this wonderful piece of art. 


I look forward to your reply to this inquiry. 

 

영어 단어	한글 뜻
pleasure	기쁨, 즐거움
meeting	만남
gallery	미술관, 전시관
appreciate	감사하다, 감상하다
effort	노력
select	고르다, 선택하다
exhibit	전시하다
diverse	다양한
artwork	미술품
admire	존경하다, 칭찬하다
emphasize	강조하다
beauty	아름다움
nature	자연
researching	연구하다
learning	배우다
online viewing room	온라인 전시실
available	구할 수 있는, 이용 가능한
purchase	구매하다
painting	그림
depict	묘사하다
horizon	지평선
titled	제목이 붙은
Sunrise	일출
house	수용하다, 보관하다
wonderful	멋진, 훌륭한
inquiry	문의

 

 

19번
제목 : Opening Day Jitters: Isabel's Journey to Making the Cafe Perfect
(오프닝 데이 초조함: 카페를 완벽하게 만들기 위한 Isabel의 여정)

 

On opening day, Isabel arrives at the cafe very early with nervous anticipation. 



She looks around the cafe, but she can’t shake off the feeling that something is missing. 



As she sets out cups, spoons, and plates, Isabel’s doubts grow. 



She looks around, trying to imagine what else she could do to make the cafe perfect, but nothing comes to mind. 



Then, in a sudden burst of inspiration, Isabel grabs her paintbrush and transforms the blank walls into landscapes, adding flowers and trees.



As she paints, her doubts begin to fade. 



Looking at her handiwork, which is beautifully done, she is certain that the cafe will be a success. 



‘Now, success is not exactly guaranteed,’ she thinks to herself, ‘but I’ll definitely get there.‘ 

 

영어어휘	한글뜻
opening day	오픈 첫 날
cafe	카페
nervous anticipation	긴장한 기대
look around	둘러보다
shake off	흔들어 내리다
something is missing	무언가 부족하다
set out	준비하다
cups	컵
spoons	숟가락
plates	접시
doubts	의혹
grow	커지다
imagine	상상하다
make perfect	완벽하게 만들다
nothing comes to mind	떠오르는 게 없다
sudden burst of inspiration	갑작스러운 영감
grab	붙잡다
paintbrush	붓
transforms	변형시키다
blank walls	빈 벽
landscapes	풍경
adding	추가하는
flowers	꽃
trees	나무
handiwork	솜씨
beautifully done	아름답게 완성된
success	성공
guaranteed	보장된
get there	성공하다

20번 
제목 : The Consequences of Unwanted Tasks: Choosing Between Hatred and Acceptance
(원하지 않는 작업의 결과: 증오와 수용 사이의 선택)

The more people have to do unwanted things the more chances are that they create unpleasant environment for themselves and others.




If you hate the thing you do but have to do it nonetheless, you have choice between hating the thing and accepting that it needs to be done.




Either way you will do it. 




Doing it from place of hatred will develop hatred towards the self and others around you; doing it from the place of acceptance will create compassion towards the self and allow for opportunities to find a more suitable way of accomplishing the task.




If you decide to accept the fact that your task has to be done, start from recognising that your situation is a gift from life; this will help you to see it as a lesson in acceptance.

 

영어 어휘	한글 뜻
unwanted	원하지 않는
unpleasant	불쾌한
hate	싫어하다
nonetheless	그럼에도 불구하고
choice	선택
accept	받아들이다
develop	발전시키다
compassion	동정심
opportunity	기회
suitable	적절한
accomplish	성취하다
recognize	인식하다
gift	선물
life	삶
lesson	교훈
acceptance	수용

21번 
제목 : Overcoming Obstacles: Embracing Imperfection and Collaborating for Change
(장애물 극복: 불완전함을 수용하고 변화를 위한 협력)

Everyone’s heard the expression don’t let the perfect become the enemy of the good. 


If you want to get over an obstacle so that your idea can become the solution‑based policy you’ve long dreamed of, you can’t have an all‑or‑nothing mentality.


You have to be willing to alter your idea and let others influence its outcome. 


You have to be okay with the outcome being a little different, even a little less, than you wanted. 


Say you’re pushing for a clean water act. 


Even if what emerges isn’t as well‑funded as you wished, or doesn’t match how you originally conceived the bill, you’ll have still succeeded in ensuring that kids in troubled areas have access to clean water.


That’s what counts, that they will be safer because of your idea and your effort.


Is it perfect? No. 


Is there more work to be done? Absolutely. 


But in almost every case, helping move the needle forward is vastly better than not helping at all. 

영어 단어	한글 뜻
obstacle	장애물, 지장
solution-based	해결책 중심의
alter	변경하다
outcome	결과
all-or-nothing mentality	이기적인 생각, 모든 것을 이루어야 한다는 마인드
willing	기꺼이 하는, 자발적인
influence	영향을 끼치다
conceived	생각한, 고안한
bill	법안
access	이용, 접근
well-funded	충분한 자금 지원을 받는
succeeded	성공했다
ensuring	보장하는
troubled areas	문제가 있는 지역
counts	중요하다
effort	노력
move the needle forward	진전을 만들다
vastly	대단히, 크게

22번 
제목 : Staying Relevant: The Importance of Growth and Development for Brands and Individuals
(관련성 유지: 브랜드와 개인을 위한 성장과 개발의 중요성)

 

Brands that fail to grow and develop lose their relevance. 



Think about the person you knew who was once on the fast track at your company, who is either no longer with the firm or, worse yet, appears to have hit a plateau in his or her career.



Assuming he or she did not make an ambitious move, more often than not, this individual is a victim of having failed to stay relevant and embrace the advances in his or her industry.



Think about the impact personal computing technology had on the first wave of executive leadership exposed to the technology. 



Those who embraced the technology were able to integrate it into their work styles and excel. 



Those who were resistant many times found few opportunities to advance their careers and in many cases were ultimately let go through early retirement for failure to stay relevant and update their skills.

 

영어어휘	한글뜻
brands	브랜드(상표)
grow	성장하다
develop	발전하다
lose	잃다
relevance	관련성
fast track	빠른 승진로
company	회사
hit a plateau	발전이 멈추다
career	직업 생활
ambitious move	야심찬 행동
victim	희생자
embrace	받아들이다
advances	진보
industry	산업
personal computing technology	개인용 컴퓨터 기술
executive leadership	경영진
exposed	노출된
integrate	통합하다
work styles	업무 스타일
excel	뛰어나다
resistant	저항적인
opportunities	기회
update	업데이트하다
skills	기술

23번
제목 : Examining the Link Between Fruit Consumption and Brain Health
(과일 섭취와 뇌 건강 사이의 연관성 조사)

What consequences of eating too many grapes and other sweet fruit could there possibly be for our brains? 



A few large studies have helped to shed some light. 



In one, higher fruit intake in older, cognitively healthy adults was linked with less volume in the hippocampus. 



This finding was unusual, since people who eat more fruit usually display the benefits associated with a healthy diet. 



In this study, however, the researchers isolated various components of the subjects’ diets and found that fruit didn’t seem to be doing their memory centers any favors.



Another study from the Mayo Clinic saw a similar inverse relationship between fruit intake and volume of the cortex, the large outer layer of the brain.



Researchers in the latter study noted that excessive consumption of high‑sugar fruit (such as mangoes, bananas, and pineapples) may cause metabolic and cognitive problems as much as processed carbs do.

 

영어어휘	한글뜻
consequences	결과
grapes	포도
cognitively	인지적으로
linked with	연관되어
volume	부피
hippocampus	해마
unusual	보통이 아닌
benefits	이점
associated with	관련된
isolated	분리된
components	구성 요소
subjects	대상자
memory centers	기억 센터
Mayo Clinic	메이요 클리닉
inverse relationship	역의 상관 관계
cortex	뇌 피질
outer layer	외부층
excessive consumption	과도한 섭취
high-sugar	고당류의
metabolic	대사의
cognitive	인지의
processed carbs	가공 탄수화물

24번
제목 : The Pressure of Winning: How Self-Consciousness Can Hold You Back
(승리의 압박: 자의식이 당신을 방해하는 방법)

Winning turns on a self‑conscious awareness that others are watching. 


It’s a lot easier to move under the radar when no one knows you and no one is paying attention. 


You can mess up and be rough and get dirty because no one even knows you’re there. 


But as soon as you start to win, and others start to notice, you’re suddenly aware that you’re being observed. 


You’re being judged. 


You worry that others will discover your flaws and weaknesses, and you start hiding your true personality, so you can be a good role model and good citizen and a leader that others can respect.


There is nothing wrong with that. 


But if you do it at the expense of being who you really are, making decisions that please others instead of pleasing yourself, you’re not going to be in that position very long.


When you start apologizing for who you are, you stop growing and you stop winning. Permanently. 

 

영어어휘	한글뜻
self-conscious	남들이 자신을 주시하고 있다는 의식이 있는
under the radar	주목받지 않고 조용히 움직이는
mess up	실패하다
flaws	결점
weaknesses	약점
personality	성격
role model	본보기
citizen	시민
at the expense of	~을 희생하여
decision	결정
apologize	사과하다
permanently	영구히

26번
제목 : Julia Margaret Cameron: The Revolutionary Portrait Photographer of the 19th Century
(Julia Margaret Cameron: 19세기의 혁명적인 초상 사진가)

 

British photographer Julia Margaret Cameron is considered one of the greatest portrait photographers of the 19th century. 



Born in Calcutta, India, into a British family, Cameron was educated in France. 



Given a camera as a gift by her daughter in December 1863, she quickly and energetically devoted herself to the art of photography. 



She cleared out a chicken coop and converted it into studio space where she began to work as a photographer. 



Cameron made illustrative studio photographs, convincing friends and family members to pose for photographs, fitting them in theatrical costumes and carefully composing them into scenes.



Criticized for her so‑called bad technique by art critics in her own time, she ignored convention and experimented with composition and focus.



Later critics appreciated her valuing of spiritual depth over technical perfection and now consider her portraits to be among the finest expressions of the artistic possibilities of the medium.

영어어휘	한글뜻
photographer	사진작가
portrait	초상화
19th century	19세기
Calcutta	인도의 도시 칼커타
British family	영국 가문
educated	교육을 받은
camera	사진기
gift	선물
devote	헌신하다
art of photography	사진예술
studio space	스튜디오 공간
pose	자세를 취하다
theatrical costumes	연극용 의상
compose	구성하다
convention	관습
experiment	실험하다
composition	구도
focus	초점
appreciate	감상하다
spiritual depth	영적인 깊이
technical perfection	기술적 완성도
medium	매체

29번
제목 : How Our Ancestors' Need for Certainty Affects Our Brain's Survival Instinct
(우리 조상의 확실성에 대한 욕구가 우리 뇌의 생존 본능에 미치는 영향)

 

Human beings like certainty. 


This liking stems from our ancient ancestors who needed to survive alongside saber‑toothed tigers and poisonous berries. 


Our brains evolved to help us attend to threats, keep away from them, and remain alive afterward. 


In fact, we learned that the more certain we were about something, the better chance we had of making the right choice. 


Is this berry the same shape as last time? The same size? 


If I know for certain it is, my brain will direct me to eat it because I know it’s safe. 


And if I’m uncertain, my brain will send out a danger alert to protect me. 


The dependence on certainty all those millennia ago ensured our survival to the present day, and the danger‑alert system continues to protect us.


This is achieved by our brains labeling new, vague, or unpredictable everyday events and experiences as uncertain.


Our brains then generate sensations, thoughts, and action plans to keep us safe from the uncertain element, and we live to see another day.

 

영어어휘	한글뜻
certainty	확실함, 확신
ancient	고대의
ancestor	조상
survive	생존하다
threat	위협
evolve	진화하다
attend to	주의를 기울이다
choice	선택
shape	모양
size	크기
direct	지시하다
safe	안전한
uncertain	불확실한
danger alert	위험 경고
protect	보호하다
dependence	의존
millennia	천년
label	분류하다
vague	모호한
unpredictable	예측할 수 없는
generate	생성하다
sensation	감각
thought	생각
action plan	행동 계획

30번
제목 : Combining Human Judgment and Statistical Models for Improved Forecasting Accuracy in Changing Environments
(변화하는 환경에서 예측 정확도 향상을 위한 인간의 판단과 통계 모델의 결합)

 

Robert Blattberg and Steven Hoch noted that, in a changing environment, it is not clear that consistency is always a virtue and that one of the advantages of human judgment is the ability to detect change.



Thus, in changing environments, it might be advantageous to combine human judgment and statistical models. 



Blattberg and Hoch examined this possibility by having supermarket managers forecast demand for certain products and then creating a composite forecast by averaging these judgments with the forecasts of statistical models based on past data.



The logic was that statistical models assume stable conditions and therefore cannot account for the effects on demand of novel events such as actions taken by competitors or the introduction of new products.



Humans, however, can incorporate these novel factors in their judgments. 



The composite—or average of human judgments and statistical models—proved to be more accurate than either the statistical models or the managers working alone.

 

영어어휘	한글뜻
virtue	덕목, 미덕
detect	감지하다
environment	환경
advantage	이점
statistical model	통계 모델
forecast	예측
composite	복합적인
stable	안정적인
novel	새로운
competitor	경쟁 업체
introduction	도입
accurate	정확한

31번
제목: The Importance of Free Play in Children's Development
(아동 발달에서 자유 놀이의 중요성)

 

Free play is nature’s means of teaching children that they are not helpless. 



In play, away from adults, children really do have control and can practice asserting it. 



In free play, children learn to make their own decisions, solve their own problems, create and follow rules, and get along with others as equals rather than as obedient or rebellious subordinates.



In active outdoor play, children deliberately dose themselves with moderate amounts of fear and they thereby learn how to control not only their bodies, but also their fear.



In social play children learn how to negotiate with others, how to please others, and how to manage and overcome the anger that can arise from conflicts.



None of these lessons can be taught through verbal means; they can be learned only through experience, which free play provides. 

 

영어 어휘	한글 뜻
Free play	무구식 놀이
Control	통제, 지배
Solve	해결하다
Practice	연습하다
Assert	주장하다
Decision	결정
Problem	문제
Create	창조하다
Follow	따르다
Rule	규칙
Equal	동등한
Obedient	순종적인
Rebellious	반항적인
Subordinate	종속된
Active outdoor play	활발한 야외놀이
Moderate	적당한
Fear	두려움
Negotiate	협상하다
Please	기쁘게 하다
Manage	관리하다
Overcome	이겨내다
Conflict	갈등
Verbal means	언어 수단
Experience	경험

32번
제목 : The Dangers of Focusing Solely on Revenue Growth in Early Dot-Com Companies
(초기 닷컴 회사에서 수익 성장에만 집중하는 것의 위험)

 

Many early dot‑com investors focused almost entirely on revenue growth instead of net income. 



Many early dot‑com companies earned most of their revenue from selling advertising space on their Web sites. 



To boost reported revenue, some sites began exchanging ad space. 



Company A would put an ad for its Web site on company B’s Web site, and company B would put an ad for its Web site on company A’s Web site.



No money ever changed hands, but each company recorded revenue (for the value of the space that it gave up on its site) and expense (for the value of its ad that it placed on the other company’s site).



This practice did little to boost net income and resulted in no additional cash inflow—but it did boost reported revenue. 



This practice was quickly put to an end because accountants felt that it did not meet the criteria of the revenue recognition principle. 

 

영어 어휘	한글 뜻
revenue growth	수익 성장
net income	순이익
dot-com investors	도트컴 투자자
advertising space	광고 공간
boost	증가시키다
exchanging ad space	광고 공간 교환
recorded revenue	기록된 수익
expense	지출
cash inflow	현금 유입
revenue recognition principle	수익 인식 원칙

33번
제목 : The Power of Myth and Virtual Worlds in Human Life and Society
(인간의 삶과 사회에서 신화와 가상세계의 힘)

Scholars of myth have long argued that myth gives structure and meaning to human life; that meaning is amplified when a myth evolves into a world.


A virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs grows when lots and lots of people believe in the world. 


Conversely, a virtual world cannot be long sustained by a mere handful of adherents. 


Consider the difference between a global sport and a game I invent with my nine friends and play regularly. 


My game might be a great game, one that is completely immersive, one that consumes all of my group’s time and attention. 


If its reach is limited to the ten of us, though, then it’s ultimately just a weird hobby, and it has limited social function. 


For a virtual world to provide lasting, wide‑ranging value, its participants must be a large enough group to be considered a society. 


When that threshold is reached, psychological value can turn into wide‑ranging social value.

영어 단어	한글 뜻
scholars	학자
myth	신화
structure	구조
meaning	의미
evolve	진화하다
virtual	가상의
fulfill	충족시키다
sustain	지속하다
global	세계적인
invent	발명하다
immersive	몰입형의
limited	제한된
social function	사회적 기능
lasting	영속하는
wide-ranging	광범위한
value	가치
participants	참가자
society	사회
threshold	한계점
psychological	심리적인

 

34번
제목 : The Importance of Understanding Organisms' Perspectives in Ecological Studies
(생태학 연구에서 유기체의 관점을 이해하는 것의 중요성)

 

It seems natural to describe certain environmental conditions as ‘extreme’, ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’. 



It may seem obvious when conditions are ‘extreme’: the midday heat of a desert, the cold of an Antarctic winter, the salinity of the Great Salt Lake.



But this only means that these conditions are extreme for us, given our particular physiological characteristics and tolerances.



To a cactus there is nothing extreme about the desert conditions in which cacti have evolved; nor are the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme environment for penguins.



It is lazy and dangerous for the ecologist to assume that all other organisms sense the environment in the way we do.



Rather, the ecologist should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or plant’s‑eye view of the environment: to see the world as others see it. 



Emotive words like harsh and benign, even relativities such as hot and cold, should be used by ecologists only with care.

영어 단어	한글 뜻
environmental conditions	주변 환경 조건
extreme	극한의
harsh	가혹한
benign	온화한
stressful	스트레스를 유발하는
physiological characteristics	생리적인 특성
tolerances	견디는 능력
evolved	진화하다
lazy	게으른
dangerous	위험한
ecologist	생태학자
organisms	생물
sense	감지하다
worm's-eye view	지렁이 시점
plant's-eye view	식물 시점
emotive words	감성적인 말
relativities	상대성

35번
제목 : Human Processes vs Rational Processes: Why Self-Driving Cars Must Act Like Humans to Succeed
(인간 프로세스 대 합리적 프로세스: 자율주행차가 성공하기 위해 인간처럼 행동해야 하는 이유)

 

Human processes differ from rational processes in their outcome. 



A process is rational if it always does the right thing based on the current information, given an ideal performance measure. 



In short, rational processes go by the book and assume that the book is actually correct. 



Human processes involve instinct, intuition, and other variables that don’t necessarily reflect the book and may not even consider the existing data.



As an example, the rational way to drive a car is to always follow the laws. 



However, traffic isn’t rational; if you follow the laws precisely, you end up stuck somewhere because other drivers aren’t following the laws precisely.



To be successful, a self‑driving car must therefore act humanly, rather than rationally. 

 

영어어휘	한글뜻
rational	합리적인
outcome	결과
process	과정
current	현재의
ideal	이상적인
performance	성과
measure	측정
instinct	본능
intuition	직감
variable	변화하는
reflect	반영하다
data	자료
precise	정확한
self-driving car	자율주행 자동차
successful	성공적인

36번
제목 : Why "Breaking" Bad Habits May Not Be the Most Effective Approach"
(나쁜 습관을 "깨는" 것이 가장 효과적인 접근 방식이 아닐 수 있는 이유")

Like positive habits, bad habits exist on a continuum of easy‑to‑change and hard‑to‑change. 


When you get toward the “hard” end of the spectrum, note the language you hear—breaking bad habits and battling addiction. 


It’s as if an unwanted behavior is a nefarious villain to be aggressively defeated. 


But this kind of language (and the approaches it spawns) frames these challenges in a way that isn’t helpful or effective. 


I specifically hope we will stop using this phrase: “break a habit.” 


This language misguides people. 


The word “break” sets the wrong expectation for how you get rid of a bad habit. 


This word implies that if you input a lot of force in one moment, the habit will be gone. 


However, that rarely works, because you usually cannot get rid of an unwanted habit by applying force one time. 

영어 단어	한글 뜻
continuum	연속체, 연속
hard-to-change	변경하기 어려운
language	언어, 말씨
unwanted	원하지 않는
nefarious	사악한, 나쁜
villain	악당
aggressively	공격적으로
effective	효과적인
phrase	구문, 어구
misguide	오도하다, 잘못 인도하다
implication	함축
force	힘, 노력

37번
제목: The Intersection of Reason and Emotion in Decision Making
(의사 결정에서 이성과 감정의 교차점)

 

A common but incorrect assumption is that we are creatures of reason when, in fact, we are creatures of both reason and emotion. 


We cannot get by on reason alone since any reason always eventually leads to a feeling. 


Should I get a wholegrain cereal or a chocolate cereal? 


I can list all the reasons I want, but the reasons have to be based on something. 


For example, if my goal is to eat healthy, I can choose the wholegrain cereal, but what is my reason for wanting to be healthy? 


I can list more and more reasons such as wanting to live longer, spending more quality time with loved ones, etc., but what are the reasons for those reasons?


You should be able to see by now that reasons are ultimately based on non‑reason such as values, feelings, or emotions. 


These deep‑seated values, feelings, and emotions we have are rarely a result of reasoning, but can certainly be influenced by reasoning.


We have values, feelings, and emotions before we begin to reason and long before we begin to reason effectively. 

 

영어어휘	한글뜻
assumption	가정, 추정
creature	생물
reason	이성, 이유
emotion	감정
get by	어떻게든 해내다
eventually	결국은
list	나열하다
based on	기반을 두다, ~에 근거를 두다
goal	목표
choose	선택하다
healthy	건강한
reason for	~에 대한 이유
live longer	더 오래 살다
quality time	질 좋은 시간
deep-seated	깊게 뿌리박힌
influenced by	~에 영향을 받다
effectively	효과적으로

38번
제목 : Electric Communication in Fish: How It Works and Its Advantages
(물고기의 전기 통신: 작동 원리 및 장점)

Electric communication is mainly known in fish. 



The electric signals are produced in special electric organs. 



When the signal is discharged the electric organ will be negatively loaded compared to the head and an electric field is created around the fish.



A weak electric current is created also in ordinary muscle cells when they contract. 



In the electric organ the muscle cells are connected in larger chunks, which makes the total current intensity larger than in ordinary muscles.



The fish varies the signals by changing the form of the electric field or the frequency of discharging. 



The system is only working over small distances, about one to two meters. 



This is an advantage since the species using the signal system often live in large groups with several other species.



If many fish send out signals at the same time, the short range decreases the risk of interference. 

 

영어어휘	한글뜻
electric communication	전기 통신
electric signals	전기 신호
electric organs	전기장기
negatively loaded	부정적으로 충전된
electric field	전기장
ordinary muscle cells	일반적인 근육세포
current intensity	전류 강도
vary	변화시키다
form	형태
frequency	주파수
discharging	방출
working	작동하는
distances	거리
advantage	이점
species	종
interference	간섭

39번
제목 : The Dual Nature of Creativity and Its Effect on Productivity
(창의성의 이중적 특성과 생산성에 미치는 영향)

 

Creativity can have an effect on productivity. 


Creativity leads some individuals to recognize problems that others do not see, but which may be very difficult. 


Charles Darwin’s approach to the speciation problem is a good example of this; he chose a very difficult and tangled problem, speciation, which led him into a long period of data collection and deliberation.


This choice of problem did not allow for a quick attack or a simple experiment. 


In such cases creativity may actually decrease productivity (as measured by publication counts) because effort is focused on difficult problems.


For others, whose creativity is more focused on methods and technique, creativity may lead to solutions that drastically reduce the work necessary to solve a problem.


We can see an example in the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which enables us to amplify small pieces of DNA in a short time.


This type of creativity might reduce the number of steps or substitute steps that are less likely to fail, thus increasing productivity. 

영어어휘	한글뜻
creativity	창의성
productivity	생산성
recognize	인식하다
speciation	종 분화
data collection	자료 수집
deliberation	숙고
attack	공격
experiment	실험
methods	방법
technique	기술
solutions	해결책
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)	중합효소 연쇄반응
amplify	증폭시키다
substitute	대체하다
fail	실패하다

40번
제목 : Why the Left-Right Axis Can Be Difficult for Children to Grasp: The Influence of Evolution on Spatial Perception
(어린이가 좌우 축을 이해하기 어려운 이유: 진화가 공간 지각에 미치는 영향)

A young child may be puzzled when asked to distinguish between the directions of right and left. 


But that same child may have no difficulty in determining the directions of up and down or back and front. 


Scientists propose that this occurs because, although we experience three dimensions, only two had a strong influence on our evolution: the vertical dimension as defined by gravity and, in mobile species, the front/back dimension as defined by the positioning of sensory and feeding mechanisms.


These influence our perception of vertical versus horizontal, far versus close, and the search for dangers from above (such as an eagle) or below (such as a snake).


However, the left‑right axis is not as relevant in nature. 


A bear is equally dangerous from its left or the right side, but not if it is upside down. 


In fact, when observing a scene containing plants, animals, and man‑made objects such as cars or street signs, we can only tell when left and right have been inverted if we observe those artificial items.


Having affected the evolution of our spatial perception, vertical and front/back dimensions are easily perceived, but the left‑right axis, which is not significant in nature, doesn’t come instantly to us.

 

영어어휘	한글뜻
distinguish	구별하다
puzzled	당황한
determine	결정하다
evolution	진화
gravity	중력
sensory	감각의
perception	인식
relevant	관련된
inverted	뒤바뀐
artificial	인공적인
significant	중요한
spatial	공간의

41~42번
제목 : Managing Creative People: The Importance of Personalized Approaches
(창의적인 사람 관리: 개인화된 접근 방식의 중요성)

Creative people aren’t all cut from the same cloth. 


They have varying levels of maturity and sensitivity. 


They have different approaches to work. 


And they’re each motivated by different things. 


Managing people is about being aware of their unique personalities. 


It’s also about empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things you do and say will be interpreted and adapting accordingly. 


Who you are and what you say may not be the same from one person to the next. 


For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or telling them they aren’t getting that deserved promotion just yet, you need to bear in mind the individual.


Vincent will have a very different reaction to the news than Emily, and they will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things.


Perhaps that promotion news will land easier if Vincent is given a few extra vacation days for the holidays, while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now.

Consider each person’s complex positive and negative personality traits, their life circumstances, and their mindset in the moment when deciding what to say and how to say it.


Personal connection, compassion, and an individualized management style are key to drawing consistent, rock star‑level work out of everyone.

 

 

영어 단어	한글 뜻
creative	창의적인
varying	다양한
maturity	성숙함
sensitivity	감수성
approach	접근 방식
motivated	동기 부여된
managing	관리하는
empathy	공감
adaptability	적응성
interpreted	해석된
individual	개인
reaction	반응
promotion	승진
receptive	수용적인
bundled	묶인
circumstances	상황
mindset	마음가짐
positive	긍정적인
negative	부정적인
compassion	동정심
management style	경영 스타일
consistent	일관적인
rock star‑level	최고 수준의

 

43~45번
제목 : Building Team Spirit: Coach's Efforts to Unite New and Existing Players
(팀 정신 구축: 신규 및 기존 선수를 통합하기 위한 코치의 노력)

 

It was a hot day in early fall. 


Wylder was heading to the school field for his first training.


He had just joined the team with five other students after a successful tryout. 


Approaching the field, he saw players getting ready, pulling up their socks and strapping on shin guards. 


But they weren’t together. 


New players were sitting in the shade by the garage, while the others were standing in the sun by the right pole. 


Then Coach McGraw came and watched the players. 


Coach McGraw, too, saw the pattern—new kids and others grouping separately. 


‘This has to change,’ he thought. 


He wanted a winning team. 


To do that, he needed to build relationships. 


“I want you guys to come over here in the middle and sit,” he called the players as he walked over. 


“You!” McGraw roared, pointing at Wylder. 


“Come here onto the field and sit. And Jonny! You sit over there!” 


He started pointing, making sure they mixed together. 


Wylder realized what Coach was trying to do, so he hopped onto the field. 


McGraw continued to point, calling each player out, until he was satisfied with the rearrangement. 


“Okay, this is how it’s going to be,” he began. “We need to learn how to trust and work with each other. This is how a team plays. This is how I want you to be on and off the field: together.”


The players looked at each other. 


Almost immediately, McGraw noticed a change in their postures and faces. 


He saw some of them starting to smile. 


‘Wow,’ thought Wylder. 


From his new location on the grass, he stretched out his legs. 


He liked what he was hearing. 


A new sense of team spirit came across him, a deeper sense of connection. 


It was encouraging to hear Coach talk about this, to see him face the challenge head‑on. 


Now his speech was over. 


The players got up and started walking on the field to warm up. 


“Good job, Coach. That was good,” Wylder said to McGraw in a low voice as he walked past him, keeping his eyes down out of respect.

 

영어 단어	한글 뜻
training	훈련
team	팀
tryout	선발대회
players	선수들
shade	그늘
sun	태양
coach	감독
pattern	패턴
winning	승리하는
relationships	관계
rearrangement	재배열
trust	신뢰
posture	자세
faces	얼굴
spirit	열정
connection	연결
warming up	워밍업
respect	존경

 

 

모의고사변형문제월드목동미키박쌤

 

 

 

 

 

지금까지 모의고사 변형문제월드 목동영어학원미키박쌤의

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 18~45번 제목 및 어휘 총정리자료였습니다.

 

진심으로  여러분의 좋은 성적을 응원하겠습니다.

 

 

감사합니다.

 

 

 

 

목동미키박영어