안녕하세요 목동 영어 미키박 쌤입니다.
3등급이 전교 1등으로!
(목동 영일고, 송도 박문여고)
바로 목동 영어 미키박 쌤과 함께라 가능했습니다!
오늘은 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 18~45번 한 줄 요약자료입니다.
각 지문별 한 문장 요약입니다.
각 지문 별로 핵심 내용이 담긴 한 문장으로 요약한 자료입니다.
요약문으로 출제되는 경우에도 당연히 도움되고요,
빠른 시간 내에 모든 지문을 총정리하는 데도 많은 도움이 됩니다.
2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 18~45번 한 줄 요약 자료 완벽하게 익혀 보실까요?
18번
To whom it may concern,
I am a resident of the Blue Sky Apartment. Recently I observed that the kid zone is in need of repairs. I want you to pay attention to the poor condition of the playground equipment in the zone. The swings are damaged, the paint is falling off, and some of the bolts on the slide are missing. The facilities have been in this terrible condition since we moved here. They are dangerous to the children playing there. Would you please have them repaired? I would appreciate your immediate attention to solve this matter.
Yours sincerely,
Nina Davis
요약문 :
A resident of the Blue Sky Apartment requests urgent attention to the poor condition of the kid zone due to damaged playground equipment that poses a threat to children's safety.
푸른하늘아파트 입주민은 아이들의 안전을 위협하는 놀이터 시설물 파손으로 인한 키즈존의 열악한 상황에 긴급한 주의를 당부했다.
19번
On a twoweek trip in the Rocky Mountains, I saw a grizzly bear in its native habitat. At first, I felt joy as I watched the bear walk across the land. He stopped every once in a while to turn his head about, sniffing deeply. He was following the scent of something, and slowly I began to realize that this giant animal was smelling me! I froze. This was no longer a wonderful experience; it was now an issue of survival. The bear’s motivation was to find meat to eat, and I was clearly on his menu.
요약문 :
The sighting of a grizzly bear during a Rocky Mountains trip turned into a matter of survival as the bear started following the narrator's scent.
로키산맥 여행 중 회색곰을 목격한 것은 곰이 내레이터의 냄새를 따라가기 시작하면서 생존의 문제로 바뀌었다.
20번
The more people have to do unwanted things the more chances are that they create unpleasant environment for themselves and others. If you hate the thing you do but have to do it nonetheless, you have choice between hating the thing and accepting that it needs to be done. Either way you will do it. Doing it from place of hatred will develop hatred towards the self and others around you; doing it from the place of acceptance will create compassion towards the self and allow for opportunities to find a more suitable way of accomplishing the task. If you decide to accept the fact that your task has to be done, start from recognising that your situation is a gift from life; this will help you to see it as a lesson in acceptance.
요약문 :
Forcing oneself to do unwanted tasks can lead to a negative environment, and while it may be necessary to do them, accepting the task with compassion can lead to a more positive outcome and provide an opportunity for personal growth.
원하지 않는 일을 억지로 하게 되면 부정적인 환경이 될 수 있고, 해야 할 일이 있을 수 있지만 연민을 가지고 그 일을 받아들이면 더 긍정적인 결과로 이어지고 개인적 성장의 기회를 얻을 수 있다.
21번
Everyone’s heard the expression don't let the perfect become the enemy of the good. If you want to get over an obstacle so that your idea can become the solution‑based policy you’ve long dreamed of, you can’t have an all‑or‑nothing mentality. You have to be willing to alter your idea and let others influence its outcome. You have to be okay with the outcome being a little different, even a little less, than you wanted. Say you’re pushing for a clean water act. Even if what emerges isn’t as well‑funded as you wished, or doesn’t match how you originally conceived the bill, you’ll have still succeeded in ensuring that kids in troubled areas have access to clean water. That’s what counts, that they will be safer because of your idea and your effort. Is it perfect? No. Is there more work to be done? Absolutely. But in almost every case, helping move the needle forward is vastly better than not helping at all.
요약문 :
To achieve a solution-based policy, it's essential to overcome obstacles by being flexible, open to other's input, and willing to accept a slightly different outcome from your original idea, as progress is still progress even if it's not perfect.
솔루션 기반 정책을 달성하기 위해서는 유연하고 다른 사람의 의견에 개방적이며 원래 아이디어와 약간 다른 결과를 기꺼이 수용하여 장애물을 극복하는 것이 필수적이다. 완벽하지 않더라도 진행은 여전히 진행 중이다.
22번
Brands that fail to grow and develop lose their relevance. Think about the person you knew who was once on the fast track at your company, who is either no longer with the firm or, worse yet, appears to have hit a plateau in his or her career. Assuming he or she did not make an ambitious move, more often than not, this individual is a victim of having failed to stay relevant and embrace the advances in his or her industry. Think about the impact personal computing technology had on the first wave of executive leadership exposed to the technology. Those who embraced the technology were able to integrate it into their work styles and excel. Those who were resistant many times found few opportunities to advance their careers and in many cases were ultimately let go through early retirement for failure to stay relevant and update their skills.
요약문 :
Brands that resist change risk becoming irrelevant, losing market share to competitors who adapt,
and individuals who fail to update their skills risk becoming obsolete and missing out on career opportunities.
변화에 저항하는 브랜드는 무관해지고, 적응하는 경쟁자에게 시장 점유율을 빼앗길 위험이 있으며, 기술 업데이트에 실패한 개인은 쓸모없고 경력 기회를 놓칠 위험이 있다.
23번
What consequences of eating too many grapes and other sweet fruit could there possibly be for our brains? A few large studies have helped to shed some light. In one, higher fruit intake in older, cognitively healthy adults was linked with less volume in the hippocampus. This finding was unusual, since people who eat more fruit usually display the benefits associated with a healthy diet. In this study, however, the researchers isolated various components of the subjects’ diets and found that fruit didn’t seem to be doing their memory centers any favors. Another study from the Mayo Clinic saw a similar inverse relationship between fruit intake and volume of the cortex, the large outer layer of the brain. Researchers in the latter study noted that excessive consumption of high‑sugar fruit (such as mangoes, bananas, and pineapples) may cause metabolic and cognitive problems as much as processed carbs do.
요약문 :
High-sugar fruit consumption, such as mangoes, bananas, and pineapples, can lead to cognitive and metabolic issues, according to studies linking higher fruit intake with reduced brain volume in older, cognitively healthy adults.
망고, 바나나, 파인애플과 같은 당도가 높은 과일 섭취는 인지 및 신진대사 문제로 이어질 수 있다고 한다.
24번
Winning turns on a self‑conscious awareness that others are watching. It’s a lot easier to move under the radar when no one knows you and no one is paying attention. You can mess up and be rough and get dirty because no one even knows you’re there. But as soon as you start to win, and others start to notice, you’re suddenly aware that you’re being observed. You’re being judged. You worry that others will discover your flaws and weaknesses, and you start hiding your true personality, so you can be a good role model and good citizen and a leader that others can respect. There is nothing wrong with that. But if you do it at the expense of being who you really are, making decisions that please others instead of pleasing yourself, you’re not going to be in that position very long. When you start apologizing for who you are, you stop growing and you stop winning. Permanently.
요약문 :
Being constantly monitored and judged can stifle personal growth and prevent individuals from expressing their true selves, and prioritizing the satisfaction of others over oneself can result in permanent failure.
지속적으로 감시와 판단을 받는 것은 개인의 성장을 억제하고 개인이 자신의 진정한 모습을 표현하는 것을 막을 수 있으며, 자신보다 타인의 만족을 우선시하는 것은 영구적인 실패를 초래할 수 있다.
26번
British photographer Julia Margaret Cameron is considered one of the greatest portrait photographers of the 19th century. Born in Calcutta, India, into a British family, Cameron was educated in France. Given a camera as a gift by her daughter in December 1863, she quickly and energetically devoted herself to the art of photography. She cleared out a chicken coop and converted it into studio space where she began to work as a photographer. Cameron made illustrative studio photographs, convincing friends and family members to pose for photographs, fitting them in theatrical costumes and carefully composing them into scenes. Criticized for her so‑called bad technique by art critics in her own time, she ignored convention and experimented with composition and focus. Later critics appreciated her valuing of spiritual depth over technical perfection and now consider her portraits to be among the finest expressions of the artistic possibilities of the medium.
요약문 :
Julia Margaret Cameron was a pioneering portrait photographer of the 19th century, known for her unconventional techniques and valuing spiritual depth over technical perfection in her work.
줄리아 마가렛 카메론(Julia Margaret Cameron)은 19세기의 선구적인 초상화 사진가로, 그녀의 작품에서 독특한 기법과 기술적 완벽함보다 정신적인 깊이를 중시하는 것으로 유명합니다.
29번
Human beings like certainty. This liking stems from our ancient ancestors who needed to survive alongside saber‑toothed tigers and poisonous berries. Our brains evolved to help us attend to threats, keep away from them, and remain alive afterward. In fact, we learned that the more certain we were about something, the better chance we had of making the right choice. Is this berry the same shape as last time? The same size? If I know for certain it is, my brain will direct me to eat it because I know it’s safe. And if I’m uncertain, my brain will send out a danger alert to protect me. The dependence on certainty all those millennia ago ensured our survival to the present day, and the danger‑alert system continues to protect us. This is achieved by our brains labeling new, vague, or unpredictable everyday events and experiences as uncertain. Our brains then generate sensations, thoughts, and action plans to keep us safe from the uncertain element, and we live to see another day.
요약문 :
Our brains have evolved to seek and rely on certainty for survival, and uncertainty triggers a danger alert system that protects us from potential threats.
우리의 뇌는 생존을 위해 확실성을 찾고 의존하도록 진화했고, 불확실성은 잠재적인 위협으로부터 우리를 보호하는 위험 경고 시스템을 촉발합니다.
30번
Robert Blattberg and Steven Hoch noted that, in a changing environment, it is not clear that consistency is always a virtue and that one of the advantages of human judgment is the ability to detect change. Thus, in changing environments, it might be advantageous to combine human judgment and statistical models. Blattberg and Hoch examined this possibility by having supermarket managers forecast demand for certain products and then creating a composite forecast by averaging these judgments with the forecasts of statistical models based on past data. The logic was that statistical models assume stable conditions and therefore cannot account for the effects on demand of novel events such as actions taken by competitors or the introduction of new products. Humans, however, can incorporate these novel factors in their judgments. The composite ─ or average of human judgments and statistical models ─ proved to be more accurate than either the statistical models or the managers working alone.
요약문 :
Blattberg and Hoch proposed that utilizing both human judgment and statistical models is beneficial in a dynamic environment, where humans can detect and incorporate changes that statistical models cannot, resulting in a more precise composite forecast.
Blattberg와 Hoch는 인간의 판단과 통계적 모델을 모두 활용하는 것이 통계적 모델이 할 수 없는 변화를 감지하고 통합할 수 있는 동적 환경에서 더 정확한 복합 예측을 할 수 있는 것이 유익하다고 제안했습니다.
31번
Free play is nature’s means of teaching children that they are not helpless. In play, away from adults, children really do have control and can practice asserting it. In free play, children learn to make their own decisions, solve their own problems, create and follow rules, and get along with others as equals rather than as obedient or rebellious subordinates. In active outdoor play, children deliberately dose themselves with moderate amounts of fear and they thereby learn how to control not only their bodies, but also their fear. In social play children learn how to negotiate with others, how to please others, and how to manage and overcome the anger that can arise from conflicts. None of these lessons can be taught through verbal means; they can be learned only through experience, which free play provides.
요약문 :
Engaging in free play allows children to learn vital life skills, such as decision-making, problem-solving, self-regulation, and conflict resolution, through hands-on experiences that cannot be taught through language alone.
자유로운 놀이에 참여하는 것은 아이들이 언어만으로는 가르칠 수 없는 직접적인 경험을 통해 의사 결정, 문제 해결, 자기 조절, 갈등 해결과 같은 중요한 삶의 기술을 배울 수 있도록 합니다.
32번
Many early dot‑com investors focused almost entirely on revenue growth instead of net income. Many early dot‑com companies earned most of their revenue from selling advertising space on their Web sites. To boost reported revenue, some sites began exchanging ad space. Company A would put an ad for its Web site on company B’s Web site, and company B would put an ad for its Web site on company A’s Web site. No money ever changed hands, but each company recorded revenue (for the value of the space that it gave up on its site) and expense (for the value of its ad that it placed on the other company’s site). This practice did little to boost net income and resulted in no additional cash inflow but it did boost reported revenue. This practice was quickly put to an end because accountants felt that it did not meet the criteria of the revenue recognition principle.
요약문 :
Dot-coms valued revenue growth over net income and boosted revenue by swapping ad space between companies, but the practice was stopped for not meeting revenue recognition principles.
닷컴은 순이익보다 매출 성장을 중시하고 기업 간 광고 공간을 교환해 매출을 늘렸지만 매출 인식 원칙을 지키지 않아 중단됐다.
33번
Scholars of myth have long argued that myth gives structure and meaning to human life; that meaning is amplified when a myth evolves into a world. A virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs grows when lots and lots of people believe in the world. Conversely, a virtual world cannot be long sustained by a mere handful of adherents. Consider the difference between a global sport and a game I invent with my nine friends and play regularly. My game might be a great game, one that is completely immersive, one that consumes all of my group’s time and attention. If its reach is limited to the ten of us, though, then it’s ultimately just a weird hobby, and it has limited social function. For a virtual world to provide lasting, wide‑ranging value, its participants must be a large enough group to be considered a society. When that threshold is reached, psychological value can turn into wide‑ranging social value.
요약문 :
A myth turned into a virtual world gains more meaning and value with more participants, but to have lasting social value, the virtual world requires a significant number of members.
가상세계로 변한 신화는 참여자가 많을수록 의미와 가치를 얻지만 지속적인 사회적 가치를 갖기 위해서는 가상세계에 상당한 구성원이 필요하다.
34번
It seems natural to describe certain environmental conditions as ‘extreme’, ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’. It may seem obvious when conditions are ‘extreme’: the midday heat of a desert, the cold of an Antarctic winter, the salinity of the Great Salt Lake. But this only means that these conditions are extreme for us, given our particular physiological characteristics and tolerances. To a cactus there is nothing extreme about the desert conditions in which cacti have evolved; nor are the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme environment for penguins. It is lazy and dangerous for the ecologist to assume that all other organisms sense the environment in the way we do. Rather, the ecologist should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or plant’s‑eye view of the environment: to see the world as others see it. Emotive words like harsh and benign, even relativities such as hot and cold, should be used by ecologists only with care.
요약문 : Environmental conditions are only extreme for humans, and ecologists should avoid assuming that other organisms perceive their environment in the same way, but rather try to gain a different perspective and use emotional words and relativity with care.
환경 조건은 인간에게 극한일 뿐이며 생태학자는 다른 유기체가 같은 방식으로 환경을 감지한다고 가정하는 것을 피하고 오히려 다른 관점을 얻으려고 노력하고 감정적인 단어와 상대성을 주의해서 사용해야 한다.
35번
Human processes differ from rational processes in their outcome. A process is rational if it always does the right thing based on the current information, given an ideal performance measure. In short, rational processes go by the book and assume that the book is actually correct. Human processes involve instinct, intuition, and other variables that don’t necessarily reflect the book and may not even consider the existing data. As an example, the rational way to drive a car is to always follow the laws. However, traffic isn’t rational; if you follow the laws precisely, you end up stuck somewhere because other drivers aren’t following the laws precisely. To be successful, a self‑driving car must therefore act humanly, rather than rationally.
요약문 :
Human and rational processes have differing outcomes, with the former being intuitive and variable, while the latter follows strict guidelines based on ideal performance measures and current information.
인간 프로세스와 합리적인 프로세스는 결과가 다르다. 전자는 직관적이고 가변적이며 후자는 이상적인 성능 측정 및 최신 정보를 기반으로 엄격한 지침을 따른다.
36번
Like positive habits, bad habits exist on a continuum of easy‑to‑change and hard‑to‑change. When you get toward the “hard” end of the spectrum, note the language you hear — breaking bad habits and battling addiction. It’s as if an unwanted behavior is a nefarious villain to be aggressively defeated. But this kind of language (and the approaches it spawns) frames these challenges in a way that isn’t helpful or effective. I specifically hope we will stop using this phrase: “break a habit.” This language misguides people. The word “break” sets the wrong expectation for how you get rid of a bad habit. This word implies that if you input a lot of force in one moment, the habit will be gone. However, that rarely works, because you usually cannot get rid of an unwanted habit by applying force one time.
요약문 :
Language used to describe overcoming bad habits often creates false expectations and fails to acknowledge the effort required for real change.
나쁜 습관을 극복하는 것을 설명하는 데 사용되는 언어는 종종 잘못된 기대를 불러일으키고 실제 변화에 필요한 노력을 인정하지 않습니다.
37번
A common but incorrect assumption is that we are creatures of reason when, in fact, we are creatures of both reason and emotion. We cannot get by on reason alone since any reason always eventually leads to a feeling. Should I get a wholegrain cereal or a chocolate cereal? I can list all the reasons I want, but the reasons have to be based on something. For example, if my goal is to eat healthy, I can choose the wholegrain cereal, but what is my reason for wanting to be healthy? I can list more and more reasons such as wanting to live longer, spending more quality time with loved ones, etc., but what are the reasons for those reasons? You should be able to see by now that reasons are ultimately based on non‑reason such as values, feelings, or emotions. These deep‑seated values, feelings, and emotions we have are rarely a result of reasoning, but can certainly be influenced by reasoning. We have values, feelings, and emotions before we begin to reason and long before we begin to reason effectively.
요약문 :
Reason and emotion both play a role in our decision-making, as reasons ultimately stem from non-rational factors such as values, feelings, or emotions that exist prior to our ability to reason effectively.
이유는 궁극적으로 효과적으로 추론할 수 있는 능력 이전에 존재하는 가치, 감정 또는 감정과 같은 비합리적 요인에서 비롯되기 때문에 이성과 감정은 모두 우리의 의사 결정에서 역할을 합니다.
38번
Electric communication is mainly known in fish. The electric signals are produced in special electric organs. When the signal is discharged the electric organ will be negatively loaded compared to the head and an electric field is created around the fish. A weak electric current is created also in ordinary muscle cells when they contract. In the electric organ the muscle cells are connected in larger chunks, which makes the total current intensity larger than in ordinary muscles. The fish varies the signals by changing the form of the electric field or the frequency of discharging. The system is only working over small distances, about one to two meters. This is an advantage since the species using the signal system often live in large groups with several other species. If many fish send out signals at the same time, the short range decreases the risk of interference.
요약문 :
Fish use electric signals produced in special organs to communicate and vary the signals by changing the electric field, which works over small distances and reduces interference in large groups.
물고기는 특수 기관에서 생성된 전기 신호를 사용하여 통신하고 전기장을 변경하여 신호를 변경합니다. 이 전기장은 작은 거리에서 작동하고 대규모 그룹에서 간섭을 줄입니다.
39번
Creativity can have an effect on productivity. Creativity leads some individuals to recognize problems that others do not see, but which may be very difficult. Charles Darwin’s approach to the speciation problem is a good example of this; he chose a very difficult and tangled problem, speciation, which led him into a long period of data collection and deliberation. This choice of problem did not allow for a quick attack or a simple experiment. In such cases creativity may actually decrease productivity (as measured by publication counts) because effort is focused on difficult problems. For others, whose creativity is more focused on methods and technique, creativity may lead to solutions that drastically reduce the work necessary to solve a problem. We can see an example in the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which enables us to amplify small pieces of DNA in a short time. This type of creativity might reduce the number of steps or substitute steps that are less likely to fail, thus increasing productivity.
요약문 :
Creativity's impact on productivity varies depending on the problem-solving approach, with some recognizing challenging problems and others developing innovative techniques to simplify the process.
창의성이 생산성에 미치는 영향은 문제 해결 접근 방식에 따라 다르며 일부는 어려운 문제를 인식하고 다른 일부는 프로세스를 단순화하기 위한 혁신적인 기술을 개발합니다.
41~42번
Creative people aren’t all cut from the same cloth. They have varying levels of maturity and sensitivity. They have different approaches to work. And they’re each motivated by different things. Managing people is about being aware of their unique personalities. It’s also about empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things you do and say will be interpreted and adapting accordingly. Who you are and what you say may not be the same from one person to the next. For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or telling them they aren’t getting that deserved promotion just yet, you need to bear in mind the individual. Vincent will have a very different reaction to the news than Emily, and they will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things. Perhaps that promotion news will land easier if Vincent is given a few extra vacation days for the holidays, while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now. Consider each person’s complex positive and negative personality traits, their life circumstances, and their mindset in the moment when deciding what to say and how to say it. Personal connection, compassion, and an individualized management style are key to drawing consistent, rock star‑level work out of everyone.
요약문 :
To effectively manage creative individuals, it is essential to recognize their unique personalities and motivations, exercise empathy and adaptability, and tailor communication to their specific circumstances and mindset.
창의적인 개인을 효과적으로 관리하기 위해서는 개인의 고유한 성격과 동기를 인식하고, 공감과 적응력을 발휘하며, 특정 상황과 사고 방식에 맞게 커뮤니케이션을 조정하는 것이 필수적입니다.
43~45번
It was a hot day in early fall. Wylder was heading to the school field for his first training. He had just joined the team with five other students after a successful tryout. Approaching the field, he saw players getting ready, pulling up their socks and strapping on shin guards. But they weren’t together. New players were sitting in the shade by the garage, while the others were standing in the sun by the right pole. Then Coach McGraw came and watched the players. Coach McGraw, too, saw the pattern—new kids and others grouping separately. ‘This has to change,’ he thought. He wanted a winning team. To do that, he needed to build relationships. “I want you guys to come over here in the middle and sit,” he called the players as he walked over. “You!” McGraw roared, pointing at Wylder. “Come here onto the field and sit. And Jonny! You sit over there!” He started pointing, making sure they mixed together. Wylder realized what Coach was trying to do, so he hopped onto the field. McGraw continued to point, calling each player out, until he was satisfied with the rearrangement. “Okay, this is how it’s going to be,” he began. “We need to learn how to trust and work with each other. This is how a team plays. This is how I want you to be on and off the field: together.” The players looked at each other. Almost immediately, McGraw noticed a change in their postures and faces. He saw some of them starting to smile. ‘Wow,’ thought Wylder. From his new location on the grass, he stretched out his legs. He liked what he was hearing. A new sense of team spirit came across him, a deeper sense of connection. It was encouraging to hear Coach talk about this, to see him face the challenge head‑on. Now his speech was over. The players got up and started walking on the field to warm up. “Good job, Coach. That was good,” Wylder said to McGraw in a low voice as he walked past him, keeping his eyes down out of respect.
요약문 :
New players and existing team members were sitting separately at the school field, but Coach McGraw rearranged them in the middle of the field, encouraging them to learn how to trust and work together, leading to a newfound team spirit.
학교 운동장에는 신입 선수들과 기존 팀원들이 따로 앉아 있었는데, 맥그로 감독이 그들을 운동장 한가운데에 재배치해 서로 믿고 함께 일하는 법을 배우도록 독려하며 새로운 팀 정신을 찾았다.
지금까지 목동영어학원미키박쌤의 모의고사 변형문제월드
2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 18~45번 한 줄 요약자료였습니다.
진심으로 여러분의 좋은 성적을 응원하겠습니다.
감사합니다.
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