2025년3월고2모의고사변형문제(38번) [모의고사변형문제월드 미키박영어]

2025년3월고2모의고사변형문제(38번)와 정답자료가 필요하시다고요?

 

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오늘은 2025년3월고2모의고사변형문제(38번)와 정답자료를 제공해 드립니다.

 

 

 

모의고사변형문제월드 미키박영어

 

좋은 내신 성적은 진심에서 나오는 거 아시죠?

 

38번 지문에 대한 완벽한 이해는 기본이죠?

 

 

미키박영어 2025년3월고2모의고사38번해설

 

 

 

 

38번 내용 확실히 익히셨으리라 믿고,

 

변형문제 도전 시작합니다!

 

 

 

Here we go!

 

 

 

 

 

2025년3월고2모의고사변형문제(38번) 

1. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

 

It is important to recognize that although science is a rule­based procedure, it is very much a creative process. A conjecture is a philosophical invention, ①cooked up rather mystically by the mind through the mental computation we call careful contemplation. However, until the hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet ②truly knowledge; it is just information that represents speculation. Knowledge is information that has demonstrated its usefulness. It is what is left over after cycles of experimental testing ③have eliminated false theories. As scientists continually test their hypotheses and modify their models to account for new and surprising data, a kind of “learning loop” emerges ④what statisticians call Bayesian updating. Based on Bayes’ Rule, developed by eighteenth­century English statistician and philosopher Thomas Bayes, Bayesian updating refers to a mathematical process whereby an accepted theory or predictive model gets increasingly ⑤accurate through the repetitive testing of competing variants of that theory.  

 

 

정답은?

 

 

 

 

 

 

④what -> that

-> 번의 뒷부분이 불완전문이죠? call 의 목적어가 없으니까요.

그리고, 번~ 문장 끝까지가 a kind of “learning loop”를 수식하죠?

따라서, 명사를 수식하는 관계대명사 that 이 옳습니다.

what + 불완전문 = 명사절 이므로, 주, 목, 보어의 역할을 하죠?

본문에서는 해당되지 않기 때문에 that 이 옳습니다.

 

 

 

2025년3월고2모의고사변형문제(38번) 

2 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 어색한 것은? (원문 일부 변형 문제입니다.)

 

It is important to recognize that although science is a rule-based procedure, it is very much a creative process. A conjecture is a philosophical invention, cooked up rather mystically by the mind through the mental computation we call careful ① reflection. However, until the hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet truly knowledge; it is just information that represents speculation. Knowledge is information that has demonstrated its ② practicality. It is what is left over after cycles of experimental testing have eliminated ③ flawed theories. As scientists continually test their hypotheses and modify their models to account for new and surprising data, a kind of “learning loop” ④ arises that statisticians call Bayesian updating. Based on Bayes’ Rule, developed by eighteenth-century English statistician and philosopher Thomas Bayes, Bayesian updating refers to a mathematical process whereby an accepted theory or predictive model gets increasingly ⑤ precise through the repetitive testing of competing variants of that theory. 

 

정답은?

 

 

 

정답
✅ ③ flawed → false

해설 
3번 flawed(결함 있는)는 문맥상 어색한 표현입니다.
원문에서는 "false"(거짓인, 틀린)라는 단어가 사용되었고,
문맥은 **"실험을 통해 거짓인 이론이 제거되고, 살아남은 것만이 지식이 된다"**는 뜻입니다.

→ flawed는 ‘결함 있는’ 정도로 다소 약한 의미이며, 과학적 문맥에서 검증을 통해 '거짓으로 판명된 이론'을 제거한다는 핵심 개념과는 맞지 않습니다.
→ 따라서 이 자리에는 false가 가장 적절한 표현입니다.

다른 보기의 원문 단어
✔ ① reflection (원문: contemplation)
→ Contemplation은 ‘깊은 생각, 숙고’, reflection도 유사하게 ‘성찰, 반추’로 적절한 동의어입니다.

✔ ② practicality (원문: usefulness)
→ Usefulness는 ‘유용성’, practicality도 ‘실용성’으로 자연스럽게 대체됩니다.

✔ ④ arises (원문: emerges)
→ Emerges는 ‘나타나다, 생겨나다’, arises도 유사한 의미로 적절합니다.

✔ ⑤ precise (원문: accurate)
→ Accurate는 ‘정확한’, precise도 같은 의미로 문맥상 자연스럽습니다.

 

 

 

 

2025년3월고2모의고사변형문제(38번) 

3. 다음 문장에 이어질 글의 순서를 정하시오.

 

It is important to recognize that although science is a rule­based procedure, it is very much a creative process.  

(A) Based on Bayes’ Rule, developed by eighteenth­century English statistician and philosopher Thomas Bayes, Bayesian updating refers to a mathematical process whereby an accepted theory or predictive model gets increasingly accurate through the repetitive testing of competing variants of that theory. 
(B) A conjecture is a philosophical invention, cooked up rather mystically by the mind through the mental computation we call careful contemplation. 
(C) However, until the hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet truly knowledge; it is just information that represents speculation. Knowledge is information that has demonstrated its usefulness. It is what is left over after cycles of experimental testing have eliminated false theories. 
① (A) - (C) - (B)
② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B)  
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

 

정답은?

 

 

 

 

 

✅ 정답:
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

✅ 정답에 대한 이유:
**(C)**는 가설이 실제로 시험되지 않으면 지식이 될 수 없다는 점을 설명하며, 정보는 그 유용성이 입증된 후 진정한 지식이 된다고 강조합니다.

**(B)**는 추측이 철학적인 발명이며, 신중한 사유와 정신적 계산을 통해 생성된다는 점을 설명합니다.

**(A)**는 베이지안 업데이트에 대해 설명하며, 이 이론이 어떻게 반복적인 테스트를 통해 점점 더 정확해지는지를 다룹니다.

따라서 전개 순서는 **(C) → (B) → (A)**가 가장 자연스럽고 논리적입니다.

 

 

 

 

 

2025년3월고2모의고사변형문제(38번) 

 

4. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? (원문 일부 변형 문제입니다.)

 

It is important to recognize that although science is a rule­based procedure, it is very much a creative process. A conjecture is a philosophical invention, cooked up rather mystically by the mind through the mental computation we call careful contemplation. However, until the hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet truly knowledge; it is just information that represents speculation. Knowledge is information that has demonstrated its usefulness. It is what is left over after cycles of experimental testing have eliminated false theories. As scientists continually test their hypotheses and modify their models to account for new and surprising data, a kind of “learning loop” emerges that statisticians call Bayesian updating. Based on Bayes’ Rule, developed by eighteenth­century English statistician and philosopher Thomas Bayes, Bayesian updating refers to a mathematical process whereby an accepted theory or predictive model gets increasingly accurate through the repetitive testing of competing variants of that theory. __________. 
① Bayesian updating involves refining theories through continual testing and data analysis.
② Bayesian updating is a process where theories are abandoned after the first round of testing.
③ Bayesian updating refers to the process of testing only the best theories.
④ Bayesian updating is irrelevant to scientific hypotheses and models.
⑤ Bayesian updating is a method that avoids testing theories.

정답은?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

정답
① Bayesian updating involves refining theories through continual testing and data analysis.

풀이
① 베이지안 업데이트는 지속적인 테스트와 데이터 분석을 통해 이론을 정제하는 과정이다 → 지문에서는 베이지안 업데이트가 반복적인 테스트를 통해 이론을 점점 더 정확하게 만드는 과정을 설명하고 있기 때문에 정답입니다.
② 베이지안 업데이트는 첫 번째 테스트 후 이론을 버리는 과정이다 → 지문에서 반복적인 테스트를 통해 이론을 점점 더 정확하게 만드는 과정이라고 명확히 언급되었으므로 틀립니다.
③ 베이지안 업데이트는 최고의 이론만 테스트하는 과정이다 → 지문에서는 모든 이론을 반복적으로 테스트하여 정확도를 높이는 과정이라고 설명되고 있으므로 틀립니다.
④ 베이지안 업데이트는 과학적 가설과 모델에 무관하다 → 베이지안 업데이트는 과학적 가설과 모델을 개선하는 중요한 과정이라고 언급되어 있으므로 틀립니다.
⑤ 베이지안 업데이트는 이론을 테스트하지 않는 방법이다 → 지문에서 반복적인 테스트가 핵심적 과정이라고 설명되었으므로 틀립니다.

해석
과학이 규칙을 따르는 절차라는 것은 중요하지만, 과학은 매우 창의적인 과정이라는 것을 인식하는 것이 중요합니다. 추측은 철학적 발명으로, 정확한 숙고라는 정신적 계산을 통해 신비롭게 만들어집니다. 그러나 가설이 현실과 비교되어 시험되기 전에는 그것이 진정한 지식이 아니라 단순히 추측을 나타내는 정보에 불과합니다. 지식은 그 유용성을 입증한 정보입니다. 지식은 실험 테스트의 사이클을 거쳐 거짓 이론들이 제거된 후 남은 것입니다. 과학자들이 계속해서 가설을 시험하고 새롭고 놀라운 데이터를 반영하기 위해 모델을 수정할 때, **“학습 루프”**가 나타나는데, 통계학자들은 이를 베이지안 업데이트라고 부릅니다. 베이지안 업데이트는 18세기 영국의 통계학자이자 철학자 토마스 베이지의 규칙을 기반으로 하며, 수학적 과정으로, 인정된 이론이나 예측 모델이 경쟁하는 이론을 반복적으로 테스트하여 점점 더 정확해지는 과정을 말합니다. 따라서 베이지안 업데이트는 지속적인 테스트와 데이터 분석을 통해 이론을 정제하는 과정입니다.

어휘 정리
conjecture 추측, 가설
speculation 추측, 짐작
hypothesis 가설
knowledge 지식
useful 유용한
experiment 실험
theory 이론
Bayesian updating 베이지안 업데이트
refine 정제하다, 개선하다
data analysis 데이터 분석

 

 

2025년3월고2모의고사변형문제(38번) 

5. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

 

It is important to recognize that although science is a rule­based procedure, it is very much a creative process. A conjecture is a philosophical invention, cooked up rather mystically by the mind through the mental computation we call careful contemplation. However, until the hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet truly knowledge; it is just information that represents speculation. Knowledge is information that has demonstrated its usefulness. It is what is left over after cycles of experimental testing have eliminated false theories. As scientists continually test their hypotheses and modify their models to account for new and surprising data, a kind of “learning loop” emerges that statisticians call Bayesian updating. Based on Bayes’ Rule, developed by eighteenth­century English statistician and philosopher Thomas Bayes, Bayesian updating refers to a mathematical process whereby an accepted theory or predictive model gets increasingly accurate through the repetitive testing of competing variants of that theory.

문제
Scientific knowledge evolves through creative (A) and empirical (B) guided by Bayesian principles.


(A) (B)
① imitation authority
② conjecture testing
③ regulation consensus
④ replication intuition
⑤ assumption confirmation
✅ 정답: ② conjecture ··· testing
✨ 해설:
(A) conjecture (추측, 가설)
→ 지문에서 “A conjecture is a philosophical invention...” 이라고 언급하며, 과학은 규칙에 따르되 창의적인 가설 제시에서 출발한다고 설명합니다.

(B) testing (검증, 실험)
→ “until the hypothesis is tested... it is just information that represents speculation” 및 “cycles of experimental testing have eliminated false theories” 부분에서 확인할 수 있듯, 경험적 검증을 통한 지식화가 핵심입니다.

📌 오답 해설

① imitation / authority: 과학적 발전은 모방이나 권위보다 가설과 실험에 근거

③ regulation / consensus: 규제나 합의보다는 개별 실험과 검증이 강조됨

④ replication / intuition: 직관은 언급되지만 핵심 프로세스는 아님

⑤ assumption / confirmation: assumption은 일부 유사하지만 conjecture(추론적 창의성)가 더 정확

 

 

정답은?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

지금까지 모의고사변형문제월드 목동 미키박영어의

2025년3월고2모의고사변형문제(38번)와 정답자료였습니다.

 

2025년3월고2모의고사변형문제(39번)와 정답자료도 확인해보실까요?

 

 

 

이 외에도

구글, 다음, 네이버, 유튜브에서 모의고사변형문제월드 미키박영어라고 검색하시면

정말 많은 모의고사 변형문제 자료들을 무료로 활용하실 수 있습니다.

 

 

그리고, 영문법에 대한 유용한 자료는

재미짐영어 미키박쌤을 확인해보세요.

 

감사합니다.