안녕하세요 목동 영어 미키박 쌤입니다.
3등급이 전교 1등으로!
(목동 영일고, 송도 박문여고)
바로 목동 영어 미키박 쌤과 함께라 가능했습니다!
오늘은 2023년 3월 고3 모의고사 18~45번 한 줄 요약자료입니다.
각 지문별 한 문장 요약입니다.
각 지문 별로 핵심 내용이 담긴 한 문장으로 요약한 자료입니다.
요약문으로 출제되는 경우에도 당연히 도움되고요,
빠른 시간 내에 모든 지문을 총정리하는 데도 많은 도움이 됩니다.
2023년 3월 고3 모의고사 18~45번 한 줄 요약 자료 완벽하게 익혀 보실까요?
18번
Morganic Corporation, located in the heart of Arkansas, spent the past decade providing great organic crops at a competitive price, growing into the ninth leading organic farming operation in the country. As a seasoned writer with access to Richard Taylor, the founder and president of Morganic, I propose writing a profile piece on Taylor for your magazine. I believe the time has come to cover Morganic’s rise in the organic farming industry. The piece would run in the normal 800 - 1,200 word range with photographs available of Taylor and Morganic’s operation. Thank you for your consideration of this article. I hope to hear from you soon.
요약문 : A writer wants to write a profile on Richard Taylor, the founder and president of Morganic Corporation, a leading organic farming operation.
한 작가가 선도적인 유기농업 기업인 Morganic Corporation의 설립자이자 사장인 Richard Taylor에 대한 프로필을 작성하려고 한다.
19번
Mark was participating in freestyle swimming competitions in this Olympics. He had a firm belief that he could get a medal in the 200m. Swimming was dominated by Americans at the time, so Mark was dreaming of becoming a national hero for his country, Britain. That day, Mark was competing in his very last race — the final round of the 200m. He had done his training and was ready. One minute and fifty seconds later, it was all over. He had tried hard and, at his best, was ranked number four. He fell short of a bronze medal by 0.49 of a second. And that was the end of Mark’s swimming career. He was heartbroken. He had nothing left.
요약문 :
A British swimmer named Mark aimed to win a medal in the 200m freestyle competition to become a national hero, but he finished fourth, ending his career with a broken heart.
마크라는 영국 수영선수는 국가영웅이 되기 위해 자유형 200m 대회에서 메달을 노렸지만 4위에 그치며 실연으로 선수생활을 마감했다.
20번
There is no denying that engaging in argument carries certain significant risks. When we argue, we exchange and examine reasons with a view toward believing what our best reasons say we should believe; sometimes we discover that our current reasons fall short, and that our beliefs are not well supported after all. Or sometimes we discover that a belief that we had dismissed as silly or obviously false in fact enjoys the support of highly compelling reasons. On other occasions, we discover that the reasons offered by those with whom we disagree measure up toetotoe with our own reasons. In any of these situations, an adjustment in our belief is called for; we must change what we believe, or revise it, or replace it, or suspend belief altogether.
요약문 :
Engaging in argument can lead to discovering that our current beliefs are not well supported and may require an adjustment in what we believe or how we believe it.
논쟁에 참여하는 것은 우리의 현재 믿음이 잘 뒷받침되지 않는다는 사실을 발견하게 할 수 있으며 우리가 믿는 것 또는 믿는 방식을 조정해야 할 수도 있다.
21번
Thanks to the power of reputation, we help others without expecting an immediate return. If, thanks to endless chat and intrigue, the world knows that you are a good, charitable guy, then you boost your chance of being helped by someone else at some future date. The converse is also the case. I am less likely to get my back scratched, in the form of a favor, if it becomes known that I never scratch anybody else’s. Indirect reciprocity now means something like “If I scratch your back, my good example will encourage others to do the same and, with luck, someone will scratch mine.” By the same token, our behavior is endlessly shaped by the possibility that somebody else might be watching us or might find out what we have done. We are often troubled by the thought of what others may think of our deeds. In this way, our actions have consequences that go far beyond any individual act of charity, or indeed any act of meanspirited malice. We all behave differently when we know we live in the shadow of the future. That shadow is cast by our actions because there is always the possibility that others will find out what we have done.
요약문 :
Our behavior is influenced by the power of reputation and the possibility that others might be watching us, leading us to help others without expecting an immediate return as it increases our chance of being helped in the future.
우리의 행동은 평판의 힘과 다른 사람들이 우리를 지켜보고 있을지도 모른다는 가능성에 의해 영향을 받는다. 그러면 미래에 도움을 받을 가능성이 높아지기 때문에 즉각적인 보상을 기대하지 않고 다른 사람들을 돕게 된다다.
22번
When you experience affect without knowing the cause, you are more likely to treat affect as information about the world, rather than your experience of the world. The psychologist Gerald L. Clore has spent decades performing clever experiments to better understand how people make decisions every day based on gut feelings. This phenomenon is called affective realism, because we experience supposed facts about the world that are created in part by our feelings. For example, people report more happiness and life satisfaction on sunny days, but only when they are notexplicitly asked about the weather. When you apply for a job or college or medical school, make sure you interview on a sunny day, because interviewers tend to rate applicants more negatively when it is rainy. And the next time a good friend snaps at you, remember affective realism. Maybe your friend is irritated with you, but perhaps she didn’t sleep well last night, or maybe it’s just lunchtime. The change in her body budget, which she’s experiencing as affect, might not have anything to do with you.
요약문 :
Affective realism is when people use their emotions to make decisions, which can be affected by environmental factors such as weather, and can impact decision-making in areas like job interviews.
감정적 현실주의는 사람들이 날씨와 같은 환경적 요인의 영향을 받을 수 있는 결정을 내리기 위해 감정을 사용하는 경우이며 취업 면접과 같은 영역에서 의사 결정에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다.
23번
Whenever possible, we should take measures to resocialize the information we think about. The continual patter we carry on in our heads is in fact a kind of internalized conversation. Likewise, many of the written forms we encounter at school and at work — from exams and evaluations, to profiles and case studies, to essays and proposals — are really social exchanges (questions, stories, arguments) put on paper and addressed to some imagined listener or interlocutor. There are significant advantages to turning such interactions at a remove back into actual social encounters. Research demonstrates that the brain processes the “same” information differently, and often more effectively, when other human beings are involved — whether we’re imitating them, debating them, exchanging stories with them, synchronizing and cooperating with them, teaching or being taught by them. We are inherently social creatures, and our thinking benefits from bringing other people into our train of thought.
요약문 :
Interacting with others helps to improve our thinking as we are inherently social creatures and our brain processes information differently and more effectively when other people are involved.
다른 사람과의 상호 작용은 우리가 본질적으로 사회적인 생물이기 때문에 우리의 사고를 개선하는 데 도움이 되며 다른 사람이 관여할 때 우리의 뇌는 정보를 다르게 그리고 더 효과적으로 처리한다.
24번
Every day an enormous amount of energy is created by the movement of people and animals, and by interactions of people with their immediate surroundings. This is usually in very small amounts or in very dispersed environments. Virtually all of that energy is lost to the local environment, and historically there have been no efforts to gather it. It may seem odd to consider finding ways to “collect” energy that is given off all around us — by people simply walking or by walking upstairs and downstairs or by riding stationary/exercise bicycles, for example — but that is the general idea and nature of energy harvesting. The broad idea of energy harvesting is that there are many places at which small amounts of energy are generated — and often wasted —and when collected, this can be put to some practical use. Current efforts have begun, aimed at collecting such energy in smaller devices which can store it, such as portable batteries.
요약문 :
Energy is created by human and animal movement as well as interactions with their surroundings, and by collecting and storing this energy in smaller devices such as portable batteries, it can be put to practical use.
에너지는 인간과 동물의 움직임은 물론 주변 환경과의 상호 작용에 의해 생성되며, 이 에너지를 휴대용 배터리와 같은 더 작은 장치에 수집하고 저장함으로써 실용화될 수 있다.
26번
Georgy Gause was born in Moscow, Russia. He was admitted to Moscow State University, where he received his undergraduate degree in 1931 and PhD in 1940. Prior to achieving his doctoral degree, Gause published his ecological classic, The Struggle for Existence, in 1934 (and in English!). This book and similar research papers in the 1930s helped lay the early foundation for population ecology and indeed fostered the introduction of mathematics into the historical development of ecology. In ecology, Gause’s contributions are equally acknowledged along with those of other early ecologists who studied population dynamics. However, most ecologists are not aware that Gause eventually went on to conduct very important research on antibiotics and somewhat left ecology behind. From 1960 until his death he was director of the institute of antibiotics he and his wife had founded.
요약문 :
Ecologist Georgy Gause, known for his contributions to population ecology, also conducted important research on antibiotics and served as the director of the Institute of Antibiotics he had founded with his wife.
인구 생태학에 기여한 것으로 알려진 생태학자 Georgy Gause도 항생제에 대한 중요한 연구를 수행했으며 아내와 함께 설립한 항생제 연구소의 소장을 역임했습니다.
29번
From the 8th to the 12th century CE, while Europe suffered the perhaps overdramatically named Dark Ages, science on planet Earth could be found almost exclusively in the Islamic world. This science was not exactly like our science today, but it was surely antecedent to it and was nonetheless an activity aimed at knowing about the world. Muslim rulers granted scientific institutions tremendous resources, such as libraries, observatories, and hospitals. Great schools in all the cities covering the Arabic Near East and Northern Africa (and even into Spain) trained generations of scholars. Almost every word in the modern scientific lexicon that begins with the prefix “al” owes its origins to Islamic science — algorithm, alchemy, alcohol, alkali, algebra. And then, just over 400 years after it started, it ground to an apparent halt, and it would be a few hundred years, give or take, before what we would today unmistakably recognize as science appeared in Europe — with Galileo, Kepler, and, a bit later, Newton.
요약문 :
Islamic world was the center of science from the 8th to the 12th century, with great schools and resources that influenced modern scientific lexicon, but it declined before science appeared in Europe with Galileo, Kepler, and Newton.
이슬람 세계는 8세기부터 12세기까지 과학의 중심지였으며 현대 과학 어휘집에 영향을 미친 훌륭한 학파와 자원이 있었지만 갈릴레오, 케플러, 뉴턴과 함께 유럽에 과학이 나타나기 전에 쇠퇴했다.
30번
In centuries past, we might learn much about life from the wisdom of our elders. Today, the majority of the messages we receive about how to live a good life come not from Granny’s long experience of the world, but from advertising executives hoping to sell us products. If we are satisfied with our lives, we will not feel a burning desire to purchase anything, and then the economy may collapse. But if we are unsatisfied, and any of the products we buy actually delivers the promised lasting fulfillment, subsequent sales figures may likewise drop. We exist in a fog of messaging designed explicitly to influence our behavior. Not surprisingly, our behavior often shifts in precisely the manner intended. If you can be made to feel sufficiently inferior due to your yellowed teeth, perhaps you will rush to the pharmacy to purchase whitening strips. The lack of any research whatsoever correlating tooth shade with life satisfaction is never mentioned. Having been told one hundred times a day how to be happy, we spend much of our lives buying the necessary accoutrements and feeling disappointed not to discover life satisfaction inside the packaging.
요약문 :
Advertising executives attempt to influence our behavior through constant messaging that promises lasting fulfillment, leading us to spend much of our lives buying products without any correlation to life satisfaction.
광고 중역은 지속적인 성취를 약속하는 끊임없는 메시지를 통해 우리의 행동에 영향을 미치려고 시도하여 삶의 만족도와 상관 관계 없이 제품을 구매하는 데 우리 삶의 대부분을 소비하도록 합니다.
31번
The quest for knowledge in the material world is a neverending pursuit, but the quest does not mean that a thoroughly schooled person is an educated person or that an educated person is a wise person. We are too often blinded by our ignorance of our ignorance, and our pursuit of knowledge is no guarantee of wisdom. Hence, we are prone to becoming the blind leading the blind because our overemphasis on competition in nearly everything makes looking good more important than being good. The resultant fear of being thought a fool and criticized therefore is one of greatest enemies of true learning. Although our ignorance is undeniably vast, it is from the vastness of this selfsame ignorance that our sense of wonder grows. But, when we do not know we are ignorant, we do not know enough to even question, let alone investigate, our ignorance. No one can teach another person anything. All one can do with and for someone else is to facilitate learning by helping the person to discover the wonder of their ignorance.
요약문 :
The pursuit of knowledge doesn't guarantee wisdom and our fear of being criticized can hinder true learning, but discovering the wonder of our ignorance can facilitate learning.
지식 추구가 지혜를 보장하는 것은 아니며 비판에 대한 두려움이 진정한 학습을 방해할 수 있지만, 우리의 무지함의 경이로움을 발견하면 학습이 촉진될 수 있다.
32번
LewisWilliams believes that the religious view of hunter groups was a contract between the hunter and the hunted. ‘The powers of the underworld allowed people to kill animals, provided people responded in certain ritual ways, such as taking fragments of animals into the caves and inserting them into the “membrane”.’ This is borne out in the San. Like other shamanistic societies, they have admiring practices between human hunters and their prey, suffused with taboos derived from extensive natural knowledge. These practices suggest that honouring may be one method of softening the disquiet of killing. It should be said that this disquiet needn’t arise because there is something fundamentally wrong with a human killing another animal, but simply because we are aware of doing the killing. And perhaps, too, because in some sense we ‘know’ what we are killing. We make sound guesses that the pain and desire for life we feel — our worlds of experience — have a counterpart in the animal we kill. As predators, this can create problems for us. One way to smooth those edges, then, is to view that prey with respect.
요약문 :
The hunter and hunted had a contract that involved certain ritual practices and taboos to honor the prey, which is one way to ease the discomfort of killing an animal.
사냥꾼과 사냥감은 동물을 죽이는 불편함을 덜어주는 한 가지 방법인 먹이를 존중하기 위해 특정 의식 관행과 금기를 포함하는 계약을 맺었다.
33번
The empiricist philosopher John Locke argued that when the human being was first born, the mind was simply a blank slate — a tabula rasa — waiting to be written on by experience. Locke believed that our experience shapes who we are and who we become — and therefore he also believed that, given different experiences, human beings would have different characters. The influence of these ideas was profound, particularly for the new colonies in America, for example, because these were conscious attempts to make a new start and to form a new society. The new society was to operate on a different basis from that of European culture, which was based on the feudal system in which people’s place in society was almost entirely determined by birth, and which therefore tended to emphasize innate characteristics. Locke’s emphasis on the importance of experience in forming the human being provided an optimistic framework for those trying to form a different society.
요약문 :
John Locke believed that our experiences shape our character and identity, which had a profound influence on the new colonies in America as they sought to create a society based on merit rather than innate characteristics.
존 로크는 우리의 경험이 우리의 성격과 정체성을 형성한다고 믿었고, 이는 타고난 특성보다는 장점에 기반한 사회를 만들려고 노력한 미국의 새로운 식민지에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다.
34번
In A Theory of Adaptation, Linda Hutcheon argues that “An adaptation is not vampiric: it does not draw the lifeblood from its source and leave it dying or dead, nor is it paler than the adapted work. It may, on the contrary, keep that prior work alive, giving it an afterlife it would never have had otherwise.” Hutcheon’s refusal to see adaptation as “vampiric” is particularly inspiring for those of us who do work on adaptations. The idea of an “afterlife” of texts, of seeing what comes before as an inspiration for what comes now, is, by its very definition, keeping works “alive.” Adaptations for young adults, in particular, have the added benefit of engaging the young adult reader with both then and now, past and present — functioning as both “monuments” to history and the “flesh” of the reader’s lived experience. While this is true for adaptations in general, it is especially important for those written with young adults in mind. Such adaptations allow young readers to make personal connections with texts that might otherwise come across as oldfashioned or irrelevant.
요약문 :
Adaptation should not be seen as vampiric because it can keep prior work alive, and it can engage young adult readers with both past and present, allowing them to make personal connections with texts.
각색은 이전 작업을 생생하게 유지할 수 있고 젊은 성인 독자를 과거와 현재 모두에 참여시켜 텍스트와 개인적인 연결을 만들 수 있기 때문에 흡혈귀처럼 보여서는 안 된다.
35번
According to the principle of social proof, one way individuals determine appropriate behavior for themselves in a situation is to examine the behavior of others there —especially similar others. It is through social comparison with these referent others that people validate the correctness of their opinions and decisions. Consequently, people tend to behave as their friends and peers have behaved. Because the critical source of information within the principle of social proof is the responses of referent others, compliance tactics that employ this information should be especially effective in collectivistically oriented nations and persons. Some evidence in this regard comes from a study showing that advertisements that promoted group benefits were more persuasive in Korea (a collectivistic society) than in the United States (an individualistic society).
요약문 :
People tend to behave like their peers, making social proof effective in collectivistic societies.
사람들은 동료처럼 행동하는 경향이 있고, 이는 집단주의 사회에서 사회적 증거가 효과적이게 만든다.
36번
Aristotle explains that the Good for human beings consists in eudaimoniā (a Greek word combining eumeaning “good” with daimon meaning “spirit,” and most often translated as “happiness”). Whereas he had argued in a purely formal way that the Good was that to which we all aim, he now gives a more substantive answer: that this universal human goal is happiness. However, he is quick to point out that this conclusion is still somewhat formal since different people have different views about what happiness is. Some people say it is worldly enjoyment while others say it is eternal salvation. Aristotle’s theory will turn out to be “naturalistic” in that it does not depend on any theological or metaphysical knowledge. It does not depend on knowledge of God or of metaphysical and universal moral norms. It depends only on knowledge of human nature and other worldly and social realities. For him it is the study of human nature and worldly existence that will disclose the relevant meaning of the notion of eudaimoniā.
요약문 :
Aristotle believes that the ultimate goal of human beings is happiness, or eudaimoniā, but this concept varies among individuals and his theory is based on naturalistic knowledge of human nature and worldly existence.
아리스토텔레스는 인간의 궁극적인 목표가 행복, 즉 eudaimoniā라고 믿었지만, 이 개념은 개인마다 다르며 그의 이론은 인간 본성과 세속적 존재에 대한 자연주의적 지식에 기초한다.
37번
A large body of research in decision science has indicated that one attribute that is regularly substituted for an explicit assessment of decision costs and benefits is an affective valuation of the prospect at hand. This is often a very rational attribute to substitute —affect does convey useful signals as to the costs and benefits of outcomes. A problem sometimes arises, however, when affective valuation is not supplemented by any analytic processing and adjustment at all. For example, sole reliance on affective valuation can make people insensitive to probabilities and to quantitative features of the outcome that should effect decisions. One study demonstrated that people’s evaluation of a situation where they might receive a shock is insensitive to the probability of receiving the shock because their thinking is swamped by affective evaluation of the situation. People were willing to pay almost as much to avoid a 1 percent probability of receiving a shock as they were to pay to avoid a 99 percent probability of receiving a shock. Clearly the affective reaction to the thought of receiving a shock was overwhelming the subjects’ ability to evaluate the probabilities associated.
요약문 :
Relying solely on affective valuation can make people overlook probabilities and quantitative features of outcomes, leading to insensitivity to them, as shown in a study about people's evaluation of shock probability.
감정적 평가에만 의존하면 충격 확률에 대한 사람들의 평가에 대한 연구에서 볼 수 있듯이 결과의 확률과 양적 특성을 간과하게 되어 무감각해질 수 있다.
38번
The linguistic resources we choose to use do not come to us as empty forms ready to be filled with our personal intentions; rather, they come to us with meanings already embedded within them. These meanings, however, are not derived from some universal, logical set of principles; rather, as with their shapes, they are built up over time from their past uses in particular contexts by particular groups of participants in the accomplishment of particular goals that, in turn, are shaped by myriad cultural, historical and institutional forces. The linguistic resources we choose to use at particular communicative moments come to these moments with their conventionalized histories of meaning. It is their conventionality that binds us to some degree to particular ways of realizing our collective history. However, while our resources come with histories of meanings, how they come to mean at a particular communicative moment is always open to negotiation. Thus, in our individual uses of our linguistic resources we accomplish two actions simultaneously. We create their typical—historical—contexts of use and at the same time we position ourselves in relation to these contexts.
요약문 :
Our linguistic resources carry embedded meanings shaped by past uses and cultural forces, but their meaning at a particular moment is negotiable and our individual use creates both historical context and personal position.
우리의 언어 자원은 과거의 사용과 문화적 힘에 의해 형성된 내포된 의미를 지니고 있지만 특정 순간의 의미는 협상 가능하며 우리의 개별 사용은 역사적 맥락과 개인적 위치를 모두 생성한다.
39번
Going beyond very simple algorithms, some AIbased tools hold out the promise of supporting better causal and probabilistic reasoning in complex domains. Humans have a natural ability to build causal models of the world—that is, to explain why things happen—that AI systems still largely lack. For example, while a doctor can explain to a patient why a treatment works, referring to the changes it causes in the body, a modern machinelearning system could only tell you that patients who are given this treatment tend, on average, to get better. However, human reasoning is still notoriously prone to confusion and error when causal questions become sufficiently complex, such as when it comes to assessing the impact of policy interventions across society. In these cases, supporting human reasoning with more structured AIbased tools may be helpful. Researchers have been exploring the use of Bayesian Networks—an AI technology that can be used to map out the causal relationships between events, and to represent degrees of uncertainty around different areas—for decision support, such as to enable more accurate risk assessment. These may be particularly useful for assessing the threat of novel or rare threats, where little historical data is available, such as the risk of terrorist attacks and new ecological disasters.
요약문 :
AI-based tools can aid human reasoning in complex domains by providing better causal and probabilistic reasoning, particularly through the use of Bayesian Networks for decision support in assessing the risk of novel or rare threats.
AI 기반 도구는 특히 새롭거나 희귀한 위협의 위험을 평가할 때 의사 결정 지원을 위해 베이지안 네트워크를 사용하여 더 나은 인과적 및 확률적 추론을 제공함으로써 복잡한 영역에서 인간의 추론을 도울 수 있다.
40번
The rise of large, industrial cities has had social consequences that are often known as urbanism. The city dissolves the informal controls of the village or small town. Most urban residents are unknown to one another, and most social interactions in cities occur between people who know each other only in specific roles, such as parking attendant, store clerk, or customer. Individuals became more free to live as they wished, and in ways that break away from social norms. In response, and because the high density of city living requires the pliant coordination of many thousands of people, urban societies have developed a wide range of methods to control urban behavior. These include regulations that control private land use, building construction and maintenance (to minimize fire risk), and the production of pollution and noise. The social conditions in large, industrial cities made urban societies remove the informal controls of the village or small town, introducing restrictive measures to effectively induce coordinated urban behaviors.
요약문 :
The emergence of industrial cities led to the breakdown of informal social controls, allowing individuals to live in ways that break away from social norms, which in turn led to the development of various regulations to control urban behavior.
산업도시의 등장은 비공식적 사회통제의 붕괴로 이어져 개인이 사회규범에서 벗어나 살 수 있게 되었고, 이는 다시 도시행동을 통제하기 위한 다양한 규제의 발달로 이어졌다.
41~42번
Douglas Hofstadter is a scholar who writes about stereotypical thinking. He discusses what he calls default assumptions. Default assumptions are preconceived notions about the likely state of affairs—what we assume to be true in the absence of specific information. Given no other information, when I mention ”secretary,” you are likely to assume the secretary is a woman, because ”woman“ and ”secretary“ are associated stereotypically. In the absence of specific details, people rely on the stereotype as a default assumption for filling in the blanks. Default assumptions have a tendency, in Hofstadter’s words, to ”permeate our mental representations and channel our thoughts.” For instance, given the words ”cat,” “dog,” and ”chases,” you are likely to think first of a dog chasing a cat. This line of thought reflects a default assumption that, all else being equal, the dog is more likely to chase the cat than the other way around. Default assumptions are rooted in our socially learned associative clusters and linguistic categories. They are useful in that people cannot always afford the time it would take to consider every theoretical possibility that confronts them. Nonetheless, default assumptions are often wrong. Default assumptions are only one type of languagebased categorization. Hofstadter is particularly interested in racebased and genderbased categorization and default assumptions. For instance, if you hear that your school basketball team is playing tonight, do you assume it’s the men’s team? Most people would assume so unless a qualifier is added to provide specific information. In this case, the qualifier would be ”the women’s basketball team is playing tonight.”
요약문 :
Default assumptions are preconceived notions that influence our thinking and can be based on stereotypes, leading to incorrect conclusions.
기본 가정은 우리의 생각에 영향을 미치는 선입견이며 고정관념에 기반하여 잘못된 결론을 내릴 수 있습니다.
43~45번
Now I will tell you a story. There lived a young boy named Nick. He would sing and whistle nearly all day. He was as merry as a lark. One day Nick went out taking a walk in the forest, at some distance from his home. When he reached a clear stream he felt very thirsty and bent down to drink water. But, just at that moment, he was suddenly seized and found himself in the hands of a fierce giant, a hundred times bigger than himself. For some time the giant held Nick in his big hands, and looked at him with great delight. He then put him into a large bag, and carried him away. Poor Nick, who was in great fear, did all he could do to escape from his cruel captor. He tried to tear the bag, but the giant only laughed at him. At last, the giant came to his own house with a high wall all around it, and no trees, nor flowers. He put Nick into a prison. It was quite a dark room, with iron bars all around it. Nick was very miserable, for he had never before been deprived of his liberty. He dashed backward and forward in his prisonhouse, but he could not escape. He thought of his own pleasant home, his companions, the sunlight, the trees, and the flowers. He screamed and tried to get out between the iron bars, but he only tore himself, and all in vain. In a moment, the giant came again to the prison. He told Nick to sing, the same as he did when he was in his own home. ”Sing! sing! sing!” said he, “Why don’t you sing?” But Nick was too sad to sing. Who could sing in a prison! At length the giant grew very angry, and took Nick out of the prison to make him sing. He shook him, and then ordered him to sing. Nick felt terrified while missing whatever he enjoyed with freedom at his home. Now I will tell you who they were. Nick was a little bird and that giant was a cruel boy.
요약문 :
A young bird named Nick who sang and whistled all day was captured by a cruel boy and put into a dark prison, causing him to miss his pleasant home and companions.
하루 종일 휘파람을 불고 노래를 부르던 어린 새 닉은 잔인한 소년에게 붙잡혀 어두운 감옥에 갇히게 되었고, 그로 인해 즐거운 집과 친구들이 그리워졌습니다.
지금까지 모의고사 변형문제월드 목동영어학원미키박쌤의
2023년 3월 고3 모의고사 18~45번 한 줄 요약자료였습니다.
진심으로 여러분의 좋은 성적을 응원하겠습니다.
감사합니다.
'2023년 3월 고3모의고사 변형문제(무료)' 카테고리의 다른 글
| 목동 미키박쌤의 2023년 3월 고3모평 영어 20번 핵심파악 및 변형문제(무료) (0) | 2023.04.25 |
|---|---|
| 목동 미키박쌤의 2023년 3월 고3모의고사 변형문제 영어(어법성 판단 올킬자료)(18~45번) (0) | 2023.04.25 |
| 목동 미키박쌤의 2023년 3월 고3모의고사 변형문제(무료) - 순서추론, 문장삽입, 서술형 순서 유형 올킬자료 (0) | 2023.04.23 |
| 목동 미키박쌤의 2023년 3월 고3 34번 핵심파악 및 변형문제(무료) (0) | 2023.04.11 |
| 목동 미키박쌤의 2023년 3월 고3 모의고사 33번 핵심파악 및 변형문제(무료) (0) | 2023.04.11 |